Assessment joints (C)
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Questions and Answers

Which bones form the temporomandibular joint?

The squamous part of the skull and the condylar process of the mandible.

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

  • Saddle Joint
  • Composite joint (correct)
  • Simple joint
  • Hinge Joint

    • What ligaments are found in the temporomandibular joint of small animals?

    Ligamentum laterale.

    Which bones form the atlanto-occipital joint?

    <p>The occipital bone and the first vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

    <p>Simple joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List all ligaments found in the atlanto-occipital joint.

    <p>Ligamentum laterale, membrane dorsale atlanto occipitalis, membrane ventrale atlanto occipitalis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the atlanto-axial joint?

    <p>The first and second vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

    <p>Simple joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two ligaments are located inside the canal of the atlanto-axial joint?

    <p>Longitudinal ligament and right alar ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament is found on the dorsal aspect of the atlanto-axial joint?

    <p>Ligamentum atlantoaxiale dorsale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament is found only in dogs and pigs?

    <p>Ligamentum transversum atlantis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cartilages are found between adjacent vertebrae?

    <p>Discus intervertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions as shock absorbers but also contribute to a small synovial joint?

    <p>Articular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of long ligaments found in the vertebral column?

    <p>Spinal process ligament, dorsal longitudinal ligament, ventral longitudinal ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the spinal process ligament begin?

    <p>From the 3rd thoracic vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the dorsal longitudinal ligament begin?

    <p>From the axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the ventral longitudinal ligament end?

    <p>On the sacrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of short ligaments found between vertebrae?

    <p>Ligamentum interspinalia, ligamentum intertransversia, and ligamentum flava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are short ligaments located?

    <p>Between processus spinosus (ligamentum interspinalia), between transverse processes (ligamentum intertransversia), and between the arcuses (ligamentum flava).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of the nuchal ligament?

    <p>Funiculus nuchae and lamina nuchae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the funiculus nuchae begin?

    <p>From the occipital part of the skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lamina nuchae located?

    <p>Under the funiculus nuchae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nuchal ligament support?

    <p>Much of the weight of the animal when the head is held high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals lack a nuchal ligament?

    <p>Pigs and cats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What animal only has a funiculus nuchae?

    <p>Dogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the funiculus nuchae begin in dogs?

    <p>From the axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two joints form the articulation between the ribs and thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>Articularis capitis costae and costotransverse articulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the articularis capitis costae located?

    <p>Between the vertebrae and the head of the rib (caput costae).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the costotransverse articulation located?

    <p>Between the vertebrae and the collum costae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament connects the vertebrae and caput costae?

    <p>Ligamentum capitis costae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament connects the tuberculum costae and vertebrae?

    <p>Ligamentum tuberculum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament connects the left and right ribs?

    <p>Ligamentum intercapitale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the shoulder joint?

    <p>Scapula and humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

    <p>Simple joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the ligaments found in the shoulder joint of large animals.

    <p>Ligamentum coracohumarale, ligamentum glenohumerale laterare, and ligamentum glenohumerale mediale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the shoulder joint of birds?

    <p>In birds, there are two intral ligaments: ligamentum glenohumerale laterare and ligamentum glenohumerale mediale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the elbow joint?

    <p>Distal of the humerus, the radius and ulna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the elbow joint?

    <p>Composite joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two collateral ligaments found in the elbow joint?

    <p>Ligamentum collaterale laterale and ligamentum collaterale mediale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament is present between the radius and ulna in large animals?

    <p>Membrane interossea antebrachii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the elastic ligament found between the radius and ulna in carnivores?

    <p>Ligamentum olecrani.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the extra synovial joint located between the radius and ulna in carnivores?

    <p>Articulatio radioulnaris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two connections between the radius and ulna in carnivores?

    <p>Articulatio radioulnaris proximallis and articulatio radioulnar distalis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ligament that keeps the radius and ulna together?

    <p>Ligamentum anulare radii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the carpal joint?

    <p>Distal of the radius and ulna, the carpal bones and the proximal of the metacarpal bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the carpal joint?

    <p>Composite joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the key ligaments found in the carpal joint.

    <p>Ligamentum collaterale laterale, ligamentum collaterale mediale, ligamentum intercarpeum interosseum, ligamentum intercarpea dorsalia, ligamentum accessorioulnare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of phalangeal joints?

    <p>Metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in ligaments found in the phalangeal joints of ruminants vs. carnivores?

    <p>Ruminants have lig. interdigitale proximale and lig. interdigitale distale, while carnivores have ligg. dorsalia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the metacarpophalangeal joint?

    <p>Metacarpal bone, proximal phalanx, and the sesamoid bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

    <p>Composite joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the ligaments found in the metacarpophalangeal joint.

    <p>Lig. collaterale, lig. sesamoideum collaterale, lig. sesamoideum obliquum, lig. sesamoideum rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the proximal interphalangeal joint?

    <p>Proximal and middle part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the proximal interphalangeal joint?

    <p>Saddle Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligament is found in the proximal interphalangeal joint?

    <p>Lig. collaterale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the distal interphalangeal joint?

    <p>Middle and distal part, sesamoid bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the distal interphalangeal joint?

    <p>Composite joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the ligaments found in the distal interphalangeal joint.

    <p>Lig. collaterale, lig. sesamoideum distale impar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the sacroiliac joint?

    <p>Sacrum and hip bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

    <p>Simple joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the sacroiliac joint in carnivores and other animals?

    <p>Carnivores have only two ligaments: lig. sacroiliac dorsale and lig. sacrotuberale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ligament found in the hip joint?

    <p>Lig. capitis ossis femoris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage covers articular surfaces?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>It has no perichondrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four zones found within hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Superficial (tangential) zone, intermediate (transitional) zone, deep (radial) zone, and calcified zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the superficial (tangential) zone?

    <p>Pressure resistant region closest to the articular surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of collagen fibrils in the superficial (tangential) zone?

    <p>They are arranged in fascicles parallel to the free surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the intermediate (transitional) zone?

    <p>It lies below the superficial zone and contains round chondrocytes randomly distributed within the matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of collagen fibrils in the intermediate (transitional) zone?

    <p>Collagen is less organized and is arranged in a somewhat oblique orientation to the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the deep (radial) zone?

    <p>It contains small, round chondrocytes arranged in short columns perpendicular to the free surface of the cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of collagen fibrils in the deep (radial) zone?

    <p>The collagen fibrils are positioned between columns parallel to the long axis of the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the calcified zone?

    <p>It separates the deep zone from the calcified bone and provides a smooth, undulating boundary line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tidemark?

    <p>A smooth, undulating, heavily calcified line that separates the calcified zone from the deep zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the synovial membrane?

    <p>To produce synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and provides nutrients to the cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, allows slight movement of the vertebrae, and functions as a shock absorber for the spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the annulus fibrosus?

    <p>Fibrocytes-like cells and chondrocytes-like cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the nucleus pulposus?

    <p>Clustered notochordal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

    • Bones: Formed by the squamous part of the skull and the condylar process of the mandible.
    • Type: Composite joint (more than 2 articular surfaces).
    • Ligaments (Small animals): Ligamentum laterale.
    • Ligaments (Large animals): Ligamentum laterale and Ligamentum caudale.
    • Species difference: Small animals (dogs, pigs) have one ligament; large animals (horses, oxen) have two.

    Atlanto-occipital Joint

    • Bones: Occipital bone and the first vertebrae.
    • Type: Simple joint.
    • Ligaments: Ligamentum laterale, membrane dorsale atlanto occipitalis, membrane ventrale atlanto occipitalis.

    Atlanto-axial Joint

    • Bones: Between the first and second vertebrae.
    • Type: Simple joint.
    • Ligaments (Inside the canal): Longitudinal ligament, right alar ligament.
    • Ligaments (Dorsal aspect): Ligamentum atlantoaxiale dorsale.
    • Ligaments (Ventral aspect): Ligamentum atlantoaxiale ventrale (only in ruminants and horses). In dogs and pigs: ligamentum transversum atlantis.

    Articulations Between Adjacent Vertebrae

    • Structures: Cartilages (discus intervertebrae) act as shock absorbers. Synovial joints in the articular processes.
    • Long Ligaments: Three ligaments span the vertebral column; one on the spinal process, one inside the canal, and one on the ventral side.
    • Short Ligaments: Connect adjacent vertebrae: interspinalia, intertransversia, and flava (yellow ligament).

    Nuchal Ligament

    • Structure: Two parts; funiculus nuchae (rope-like) and lamina nuchae (flat).
    • Function: Supports the weight of the animal's head, relieving load from the head and neck muscles.
    • Species Differences: Large animals (ox, horse pigs) have the same structure. Small animals (dogs, cats) have a shorter neck and thus do not have such a ligament.

    Thoracic Vertebrae-Rib Articulations

    • Bones: Between the ribs and thoracic vertebrae.
    • Types of Articulations: Two joints occur:
      • Articularis capitis costae (between vertebrae and the head of the rib).
      • Costotransverse articulation (between vertebrae and the neck of the rib).
    • Ligaments: Capitis costae, costotransverse, and tuberculum ligaments connect the ribs to the vertebrae.

    Shoulder Joint

    • Bones: Scapula and the humerus.
    • Type: Simple, multiaxial joint.
    • Ligaments: Coracohumeral ligament. In carnivores, glenohumeral ligaments.
    • Species Differences: Large mammals have one ligament (coracohumeral). Carnivores have two (glenohumeral).
    • Birds: Specific peculiarities in the shoulder joint structures.

    Elbow Joint

    • Bones: Distal humerus and radius and ulna.
    • Type: Composite, uniaxial joint.
    • Ligaments: Collateral ligaments.
    • Species differences: Collateral ligaments are present.

    Carpal Joint

    • Bones: Distal radius and ulna, the carpal bones, and proximal metacarpal bones.
    • Type: Hinge, composite, uniaxial.
    • Ligaments: Interosseous, intercarpea, and accessory ligaments.
    • Species Differences: Species variation in ligament presence and arrangements exist between species.

    Phalangeal Joints (Metacarpophalangeal, Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints):

    • Bones: Components of the joints include metacarpal, sesamoid, and phalangeal bones depending on the specific joint.
    • Types: Uniaxial, composite, saddle.
    • Ligaments: Collateral, sesamoid ligaments.
    • Species Differences: Variations in the ligaments and articulations are seen in ruminants and carnivores.

    Sacroiliac Joint

    • Bones: Sacrum and the hip bone.
    • Type: Simple, plane, tight joint (limited movement).
    • Ligaments: Sacroiliac dorsale, sacrotuberale.
    • Species Differences: In carnivores, the sacroiliac joint has two main ligaments.

    Hip Joint (Coxal Joint)

    • Bones: Hip bone (acetabulum) and femur.
    • Type: Simple, multiaxial.
    • Ligaments: Ligament of the head of the femur (strong).
    • Species Differences: in birds particularities exist in the hip joint structures

    Stifle Joint (Knee Joint)

    • Bones: Femur, tibia, and fibula.
    • Type:
    • Ligaments:
    • Species Differences:

    Tarsal Joint

    • Bones: Tibia, fibula, and metatarsal bones.
    • Type:
    • Ligaments:
    • Species Differences:

    Articular Cartilage

    • Structure: Hyaline cartilage, no perichondrium.
    • Zones: Superficial (tangential), intermediate, deep (radial), calcified.
    • Function: Acts as a shock absorber for joints. Protects the bone and facilitates smooth movement

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    Assessment of Joints Anatomy and Histology PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and Atlanto joints in veterinary anatomy. Explore the structures, types, and species differences of these crucial joints. Whether you're a student or a professional, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of these anatomical features.

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