Vertebrate Embryology Concepts Quiz

Process where male frog fertilizes female's eggs, combining genetic material.

The diploid cell formed from the merging of male and female pronuclei.

The division of the zygote into many cells without increasing volume.

A process where the embryo's cells reorganize to form germ layers.

The dimple that marks the site for gastulation, determining embryonic axes.

The outer layer of cells formed from the embryo's exterior during gastrulation.

The middle layer of cells that forms between ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.

A rod of cells formed by mesoderm that influences ectoderm development.

The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to environmental conditions.

Distinct phenotypic variants within a species caused by environmental factors.

Pioneer in studying larval adaptations and phenotypic variation.

The process where cells develop specialized functions and types.

The stage when a cell can differentiate autonomously in a neutral environment.

The stage where a cell's fate is irreversible and can differentiate independently.

The ability of isolated cells to develop normally when removed from the embryo.

European map butterfly with two seasonal phenotypes classified separately.

External elements that influence an organism's embryonic development.

The process where external conditions determine the sex of an organism.

In alligators, the temperature during incubation determines their sex.

A worm species where sex determination depends on the location of larval settlement.

Eggs incubated at different temperatures produce different sexes.

The female Bonellia lives in a rock habitat and can reach about 10 cm in length.

The male Bonellia is tiny and lives within the female's uterus.

Female Bonellia emit signals that draw larvae to settle on them to become males.

Embryogenesis pattern where the embryo appears as a mosaic of self-differentiating parts.

Proteins or mRNAs placed in egg cytoplasm that guide cell fate during division.

Cell fate determination based on interactions with neighboring cells.

Development pattern where cells can change fate to compensate for missing parts.

Specification method using a syncytium, incorporating both autonomous and conditional influences.

A process where removing a cell from an embryo alters the fates of remaining cells.

Formation of identical twins through regulative development, adjusting cell fates post-embryo division.

Cells from the outer layer (ectoderm) and middle layer (mesoderm) of embryonic tissue that segregate in mixed aggregates.

Epidermal cells migrate to the outside while mesodermal cells occupy the inside in cell aggregates.

The changing preferences of cells to associate with specific other cell types during development.

During development, cells have different interactions with other cell populations at specific times.

Genetics is defined as the science of trait transmission, separate from embryology.

Recent advances in molecular biology unite genetics and embryology to solve developmental problems.

The gene theory, a foundation of modern genetics, arose from debates in physiological embryology in the late 1800s.

Mendel described genes as form-building elements critical for developing organisms.

The concept that all cells in an organism have identical genetic material and can potentially develop into a complete organism.

A process where one cell type is replaced by another in the same tissue, indicating flexibility of cell types.

A process where salamanders can regenerate their eyes from differentiated tissue, showing cellular plasticity.

The regeneration of lens tissue from the dorsal iris cells in salamanders after lens removal.

Cells that have specialized functions and structures, typically unable to convert into other cell types until in a regenerative context.

Proteins produced by lens cells, essential for the transparency and refractive index of the eye lens.

The ability of certain organisms to regrow tissues, demonstrating that cells retain the potential to produce various cell types.