Vertebrae and Joints in the Neck
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Vertebrae and Joints in the Neck

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Questions and Answers

What does the hypodermis primarily consist of?

  • Muscle and nerve tissue
  • Fat and connective tissue (correct)
  • Dense fascia and connective tissue
  • Connective tissue only

    • Which of the following describes the nature of deep fascia compared to superficial fascia?

  • Deep fascia lacks structural organization
  • Deep fascia is more flexible and elastic
  • Deep fascia is thicker and denser (correct)
  • Deep fascia is thinner and less dense

    • What type of appearance can be observed in dense fascia?

  • Spider web-like (correct)
  • Smooth and transparent
  • Solid and rigid
  • Gritty and coarse

    • Which major structures does the investing fascia wrap around in the neck?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fascias categorized in terms of location within the body?

    <p>Superficial and deep layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the first cervical vertebra, known as the atlas?

    <p>To articulate with the occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature is found in the cervical region that allows for the passage of the vertebral artery?

    <p>Transverse foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is formed between the atlas and the occipital bone?

    <p>Lano-occipital joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movements are primarily associated with the lano-occipital joint?

    <p>Flexion and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure assists in creating the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the location of the vertebral artery as it travels through the atlas?

    <p>Transverse foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the anatomical features of the atlas is correct?

    <p>It possesses superior articular surfaces for articulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vertebral artery after it passes through the foramen magnum?

    <p>It converges to form the basilar artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure serves as an attachment point for treatments on the C2 vertebra?

    <p>Spinous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between C1 and C2?

    <p>Atlantoaxial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary ligaments involved in stabilizing the dens process?

    <p>Transverse and alar ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the movement allowed at the atlantoaxial joint?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the transverse ligament attach in relation to the dens process?

    <p>Around the dens process to C1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the alar ligaments?

    <p>Connecting the dens to the foramen magnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is often described as a flat articular surface?

    <p>Facet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C1 is best described as having which of the following characteristics?

    <p>A ring shape accommodating the dens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the upper trapezius muscle?

    <p>Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is primarily associated with the lower trapezius?

    <p>Depression of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement does the trapezius facilitate when both sides are working together?

    <p>Neck extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action occurs at the top and bottom of the spine due to specific muscle orientations?

    <p>Extension at the top and flexion at the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the middle trapezius contribute to scapular movement?

    <p>It pulls the scapulas together (retraction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle actions occur when only one side of the trapezius is engaged?

    <p>Lateral flexion of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature of the neck is highlighted through the description of muscle actions and orientations?

    <p>Triangles and areas resembling a mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements does the trapezius NOT facilitate?

    <p>Flexion of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of efferent lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Draining lymph away from the lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure receives lymph from the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

    <p>The deep cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the lymph from the left side of the body ultimately drain?

    <p>Into the thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Afferent vessels carry lymph towards the lymph nodes, while efferent vessels carry it away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thoracic duct in the lymphatic system?

    <p>It is smaller than the lymphatic duct and collects from a larger area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is primarily associated with the collection of lymph on the right side of the body?

    <p>Right lymphatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the superficial cervical lymph nodes known for in the lymphatic drainage system?

    <p>Draining into the deep cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lymph travel from the deep cervical lymph nodes after drainage?

    <p>Through efferent lymphatic vessels to the jugular lymphatic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vertebrae and Joints in the Neck

    • The first vertebrae (C1), known as the atlas, articulates with the occipital bone, allowing for nodding movements.
    • The articulating surfaces on the atlas are called superior articular surfaces.
    • Transverse foramen are holes on the sides of the cervical vertebrae that allow the vertebral artery to pass through.
    • The groove for the vertebral artery is a groove on the atlas where the vertebral artery runs before entering the foramen magnum.
    • The atlanto-occipital joint is the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone, responsible for flexion and extension movements.
    • The second vertebrae (C2), known as the axis, has a prominent bony projection called the dens.
    • The atlanto-axial joint is the joint between the atlas and axis, allowing for rotation of the head.
    • The transverse ligament wraps around the dens, stabilizing the joint and preventing the dens from displacing forward.
    • The alar ligaments connect the dens to the foramen magnum, also providing stability.

    Deep Fascia in the Neck

    • Deep fascia is a dense layer of connective tissue that encloses and organizes structures in the body.
    • The three layers of deep fascia in the neck are:
      • Investing fascia: the most superficial layer, encloses the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
      • Pretracheal fascia: surrounds the trachea, thyroid gland, and esophagus.
      • Buccopharyngeal fascia: located posterior to the pretracheal fascia.

    Neck Muscles

    • The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
    • The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends the top of the spine, flexes the bottom of the spine, and can also cause protraction and retraction of the head
    • The trapezius muscle has three parts:
      • Upper trapezius: elevates and upwardly rotates the scapula.
      • Middle trapezius: retracts the scapula.
      • Lower trapezius: depresses the scapula.
    • The trapezius muscle can also extend the neck (if both sides are working) and laterally flex the neck (if one side is working).

    Swallowing and Swallow Studies

    • The hyoid bone and epiglottis are involved in swallowing.
    • Abnormal swallowing can be evaluated using swallow studies, which are videos showing the flow of food down the esophagus.

    Lymphatic System in the Neck

    • Superficial cervical lymph nodes are located beneath the skin in the neck.
    • Deep cervical lymph nodes are located deeper within the neck.
    • Lymphatic drainage:
      • Superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into deep cervical lymph nodes.
      • Deep cervical lymph nodes drain into efferent lymphatic vessels.
      • Efferent lymphatic vessels lead to the jugular lymphatic trunk.
      • The left jugular lymphatic trunk empties into the thoracic duct.
      • The right jugular lymphatic trunk empties into the lymphatic duct.

    Additional Notes

    • Remember the terms efferent (away from) and afferent (towards) when describing lymphatic vessels.
    • You can find many swallowing study videos on YouTube, which can be interesting and educational.

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    Week 3 Wednesday Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae, specifically C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis), along with their joints and ligaments. Understand how these structures enable nodding and rotational movements of the head. This quiz will test your knowledge on essential terms and functions associated with the neck vertebrae.

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