Verb Tenses and Sentence Structure

Present Tense: Actions happening now or regularly (e.g., "I eat").
Past Tense: Actions completed in the past (e.g., "I ate").
Future Tense: Actions that will happen (e.g., "I will eat").
Perfect Tenses:
- Present Perfect: Completed actions relevant to the present (e.g., "I have eaten").
- Past Perfect: Actions completed before another past action (e.g., "I had eaten").
- Future Perfect: Actions that will be completed before a specified future time (e.g., "I will have eaten").
Progressive Tenses: Indicate ongoing actions.
- Present Progressive: (e.g., "I am eating").
- Past Progressive: (e.g., "I was eating").
- Future Progressive: (e.g., "I will be eating").

Simple Sentence: Contains a subject and a verb (e.g., "The cat sleeps").
Compound Sentence: Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "I like coffee, and she likes tea").
Complex Sentence: An independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (e.g., "Although it was raining, we went for a walk").
Compound-Complex Sentence: Multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "I wanted to go out, but it was raining, so I stayed home").

Independent Clauses: Can stand alone as a sentence (e.g., "She runs fast").
Dependent Clauses: Cannot stand alone and begin with subordinating conjunctions (e.g., "because she runs fast").
Relative Clauses: Provide additional information about a noun, usually beginning with who, which, or that (e.g., "The book that you gave me is great").
Adverbial Clauses: Modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, indicating time, cause, or condition (e.g., "If it rains, we will stay inside").

Adjectives: Modify nouns (e.g., "The tall building").
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., "She runs quickly").
Misplaced Modifiers: Modifiers that are incorrectly placed in a sentence, leading to confusion (e.g., "She nearly drove her kids to school every day" vs. "She drove her kids to school nearly every day").
Dangling Modifiers: Modifiers that do not clearly refer to a word in the sentence (e.g., "Walking down the street, the dog barked" should clarify who is walking).

Zero Conditional: General truths or facts (e.g., "If you heat ice, it melts").
First Conditional: Real and possible situations in the future (e.g., "If it rains, I will stay home").
Second Conditional: Hypothetical situations in the present or future (e.g., "If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world").
Third Conditional: Hypothetical situations in the past (e.g., "If I had known, I would have acted differently").

Present Tense: Describes actions occurring currently or habitually (e.g., "I eat").
Past Tense: Refers to actions that have been completed in the past (e.g., "I ate").
Future Tense: Indicates actions that are expected to occur (e.g., "I will eat").
Perfect Tenses:
- Present Perfect: Relates completed actions to the present moment (e.g., "I have eaten").
- Past Perfect: Describes actions that were completed prior to another past event (e.g., "I had eaten").
- Future Perfect: Details actions that will have been completed before a specified point in the future (e.g., "I will have eaten").
Progressive Tenses: Show ongoing actions in various time frames.
- Present Progressive: Indicates current ongoing actions (e.g., "I am eating").
- Past Progressive: Describes actions that were in progress at a specific moment in the past (e.g., "I was eating").
- Future Progressive: Refers to actions that will be ongoing at a future time (e.g., "I will be eating").

Simple Sentence: Comprises one independent clause with a subject and a verb (e.g., "The cat sleeps").
Compound Sentence: Features two independent clauses linked by a conjunction (e.g., "I like coffee, and she likes tea").
Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause with one or more dependent clauses (e.g., "Although it was raining, we went for a walk").
Compound-Complex Sentence: Combines multiple independent clauses with at least one dependent clause (e.g., "I wanted to go out, but it was raining, so I stayed home").

Independent Clauses: Can function as standalone sentences (e.g., "She runs fast").
Dependent Clauses: Cannot stand alone; begin with subordinating conjunctions (e.g., "because she runs fast").
Relative Clauses: Offer additional details about a noun and usually start with "who," "which," or "that" (e.g., "The book that you gave me is great").
Adverbial Clauses: Modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, indicating aspects like time or condition (e.g., "If it rains, we will stay inside").

Adjectives: Alter or specify nouns (e.g., "The tall building").
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, denoting manner or degree (e.g., "She runs quickly").
Misplaced Modifiers: Cause ambiguity due to incorrect placement, leading to confusion in meaning (e.g., "She nearly drove her kids to school every day" could imply she almost did not).
Dangling Modifiers: Lack clear reference within a sentence, making it ambiguous (e.g., "Walking down the street, the dog barked" confuses the subject performing the action).

Zero Conditional: Describes general truths or scientific facts (e.g., "If you heat ice, it melts").
First Conditional: Relates real, possible future situations (e.g., "If it rains, I will stay home").
Second Conditional: Explores hypothetical scenarios in the present or future (e.g., "If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world").
Third Conditional: Deals with hypothetical situations that occurred in the past (e.g., "If I had known, I would have acted differently").