Ventricular System and CSF Circulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ventricular system?

  • To produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid to the subarachnoid space (correct)
  • To produce and circulate blood throughout the brain
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To control muscle movement

    • What percentage of CSF is formed by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle?

  • 80% (correct)
  • 90%
  • 60%
  • 40%

    • Where is the 4th ventricle located?

  • In the hindbrain (correct)
  • In the spinal cord
  • In the cerebral hemispheres
  • In the diencephalon

    • What is the largest cistern present in the angle between the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata and the anteroinferior aspect of the cerebellum?

    <p>Cisterna magna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Medial wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subarachnoid cistern is continuous with the spinal subarachnoid space?

    <p>Cisterna pontis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that enters the choroid fissure, invaginating the pia matter and ependyma, before it forms the choroid plexus?

    <p>Mass of blood capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that lodges the arterial circle of Willis and is related to important structures of the interpeduncular fossa?

    <p>Interpeduncular cistern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lateral ventricle in a central coronal section?

    <p>Bat-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the medial wall of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Septum pellucidum and body of fornix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the bulge called calcar avis in the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Calcarine sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest horn of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Inferior horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary of the anterior wall of the third ventricle?

    <p>Anterior column of fornix and anterior commissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the recess above the optic chiasma in the third ventricle?

    <p>Optic recess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the fourth ventricle in a sagittal section?

    <p>Tent-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the fourth ventricle?

    <p>Above the pons and below the medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main location of the Cisterna ambiens?

    <p>Between the splenium of corpus callosum and superior surface of cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route for CSF absorption?

    <p>Into the superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid villi and granulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arachnoid villi?

    <p>To act as one-way valves allowing CSF drainage into venous sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus?

    <p>Aqueductal stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>It projects anterolaterally and downwards into the frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Caudate nucleus body, striate terminalis, thalamostriate vein, and thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrocephalus is caused by overproduction of CSF?

    <p>Relative obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hydrocephalus ex vacuo?

    <p>Ventriculoperitoneal shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies in the medullary part of the roof of the fourth ventricle?

    <p>Choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the median sulcus in the floor of the fourth ventricle?

    <p>Separates the right from the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space?

    <p>Median foramen of Magendie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the choroid plexus?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passage that connects the fourth ventricle to the third ventricle?

    <p>Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that communicates with the subarachnoid space through the lateral foramina of Luschka?

    <p>Lateral recesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that separates the pons from the upper medulla?

    <p>Striae medullares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the choroid plexus receive its blood supply from?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Ventricular System

    • The ventricular system is a series of interconnected cavities derived from the neural tube cavity.
    • It produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the subarachnoid space.
    • The ventricular system consists of:
      • Lateral ventricles in the cerebral hemispheres
      • 3rd ventricle in the diencephalon
      • 4th ventricle in the hindbrain

    CSF Production

    • 80% of CSF is formed by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle.
    • 20% of CSF is formed by the choroid plexuses of the 3rd and 4th ventricles and possibly by the capillaries on the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The choroid plexus is a mass of blood capillaries that enters the choroid fissure, invaginating the pia matter and ependyma.

    CSF Circulation

    • CSF circulation involves the flow of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space.
    • The subarachnoid space contains several cisterns, including:
      • Cisterna magna: the largest cistern, located between the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata and the anteroinferior aspect of the cerebellum.
      • Interpeduncular cistern (cisterna basalis): located over the interpeduncular fossa.
      • Cisterna pontis: located in front of the basilar part of the pons.
      • Cisterna ambiens: located between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior surface of the cerebellum.

    CSF Absorption

    • CSF is absorbed into the superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid villi and granulations.
    • Some CSF drains directly into the dural lymphatics.
    • Some CSF follows the CN I nerve fibers to the nasal lymphatics.
    • The rest of the CSF follows the spinal nerves to the cervical lymphatics.

    Arachnoid Villi and Dural Lymphatics

    • The arachnoid villi act as one-way valves, allowing the drainage of CSF from the subarachnoid space to the venous sinuses whenever the CSF pressure exceeds the blood pressure inside the sinuses.

    Hydrocephalus

    • Congenital hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by aqueductal stenosis.
    • Acquired hydrocephalus can be classified into:
      • Communicating (non-obstructive) hydrocephalus: caused by impaired CSF reabsorption by arachnoid villi (e.g., meningitis).
      • Non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus: caused by obstruction to the flow of CSF by a tumor, cyst, blood clot, etc.
      • Relative obstruction: caused by overproduction of CSF (e.g., choroid plexus papilloma).
      • Hydrocephalus ex vacuo: caused by enlargement of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces due to brain atrophy (e.g., brain injuries).

    Ventricles

    Lateral Ventricle

    • The lateral ventricle has three parts: the anterior horn, body, and posterior horn.
    • The anterior horn projects anterolaterally downwards into the frontal lobe.
    • The body of the lateral ventricle lies behind the level of the interventricular foramen.
    • The posterior horn projects posteromedially into the occipital lobe.
    • The inferior horn is the largest horn, located in the temporal lobe.

    Third Ventricle

    • The third ventricle has a lateral wall, anterior wall, posterior wall, roof, and floor.
    • The lateral wall is formed by the thalamus and hypothalamus.
    • The anterior wall is formed by the anterior column of the fornix, anterior commissure, and lamina terminalis.
    • The posterior wall is formed by the pineal body, posterior commissure, and cerebral aqueduct.
    • The roof is formed by the ependyma lining the under-surface of the choroid plexus.
    • The floor is formed by the optic chiasma, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and mammillary bodies.
    • The third ventricle has several recesses, including the suprapineal recess, pineal recess, infundibular recess, and optic recess.

    Fourth Ventricle

    • The fourth ventricle is located in the pontine and medullary parts of the brainstem.
    • The roof of the fourth ventricle appears lifted upwards and backwards like a tent, giving it a triangular shape.
    • The floor of the fourth ventricle is formed by the rhomboid fossa, which has a median sulcus, striae medullares, and several trigones.
    • The fourth ventricle has several recesses, including the dorsal recess, dorsolateral recesses, and lateral recesses.
    • The fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through the lateral foramina of Luschka and the median foramen of Magendie.
    • The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius connects the fourth ventricle to the third ventricle.

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    Test your knowledge of the ventricular system and its components, including CSF production, circulation, and absorption, as well as related disorders and anatomical relationships.

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