Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hypertrophy of the left ventricle?

  • Pulmonic stenosis
  • Aortic stenosis (correct)
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Tricuspid atresia

What is the management for tricuspid atresia?

  • Aortic valve replacement
  • Fontan procedure (correct)
  • Balloon angioplasty
  • Cardiac catheterization

What is the purpose of anticoagulant therapy in the management of aortic stenosis?

  • To prevent endocarditis
  • To reduce left ventricular hypertrophy
  • To improve cardiac output
  • To prevent thrombus formation (correct)

What is a characteristic sign of pulmonic stenosis?

<p>Widely split S2 sound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization in the management of cardiac defects?

<p>To diagnose cardiac defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of aortic stenosis that can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotics?

<p>Endocarditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the failure of endocardial cushions in the embryonic heart, leading to Atrioventricular Canal Defect?

<p>Incomplete fusion of the atrial septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of indomethacin therapy in the management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

<p>To facilitate closure of the Ductus Arteriosus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic murmur found in patients with Pulmonic Stenosis?

<p>Early to midsystolic murmur at the second or third left intercostal space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of managing Congenital Cardiac Defects such as Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

<p>Open heart surgery and interventional cardiac catheterization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiac catheterization reveal in patients with Atrial Septal Defect?

<p>Increased PO2 saturation at the right side of the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic ECG finding in patients with Pulmonic Stenosis?

<p>Right-sided hypertrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all congenital heart disease is attributed to cardiovascular disorders?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of small ventricular septal defects typically close spontaneously?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cardiac catheterization, what is the purpose of injecting a radiopaque contrast medium?

<p>To visualize blood circulation through the heart chambers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site of catheter insertion during cardiac catheterization?

<p>Right femoral vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of nursing care before cardiac catheterization?

<p>NPO for 6 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of cardiac catheterization?

<p>Infection and thrombus formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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