Ventilation Strategies in Respiratory Care

A type of ventilation that delivers a set pressure to the lungs, allowing for variable tidal volume.

A type of ventilation that delivers a set volume of air to the lungs, resulting in variable pressure.

During spontaneous breathing, the diaphragm contracts, increasing intrathoracic volume and creating negative pressure, causing air to flow into the lungs.

Relaxation of the diaphragm and chest wall recoil decrease intrathoracic volume, increasing pressure and leading to passive exhalation.

Positive-pressure ventilation delivers air under pressure, while spontaneous breathing relies on negative pressure created by the diaphragm.

The maximum pressure reached during inspiration.

The pressure in the alveoli at the end of inspiration.

The pressure in the lungs at the end of expiration.

The number of breaths per minute.

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath.

The amount of air breathed in or out per minute.

Decreased venous return, decreased cardiac output, and lower pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta.

PC delivers a set pressure with variable tidal volume, limiting barotrauma but not guaranteeing a specific tidal volume.

VC ensures consistent tidal volume and minute ventilation, crucial for conditions like ARDS.

A/C delivers a preset number of breaths per minute and assists any additional breaths initiated by the patient.

IMV delivers a preset number of breaths and allows the patient to breathe spontaneously between mandatory breaths.

CSV provides no mandatory breaths, allowing the patient to control rate and size of breaths with optional pressure or volume support.

A/C assists every breath, while IMV only assists mandatory breaths, allowing for spontaneous breathing in between.

VC is used for patients requiring strict control of tidal volume, such as those with ARDS or decreased chest wall compliance.

PC is used for patients requiring strict control of airway pressure, such as those with severe asthma or COPD.

The risk of using VC in patients with impaired lung compliance is high airway pressures and barotrauma due to delivering a set tidal volume.

The risk of using PC in patients with acute changes in lung compliance is unpredictable tidal volume, which may lead to inadequate ventilation.

PRVC aims to deliver a set tidal volume while minimizing airway pressure, but it still risks high airway pressures if lung compliance changes.

Pressure target, inspiratory time, respiratory rate (RR), and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).

Tidal volume and inspiratory flow rate.

Controls airway pressure, but tidal volume becomes a function of lung compliance (no guaranteed tidal volume or minute ventilation).

Tidal volume, respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory flow pattern, inspiratory time.

Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and End-inspiratory alveolar pressure.

Guarantees tidal volume, but it may result in high or injurious lung pressures.

A ventilation mode combining volume and pressure strategies, delivering a set tidal volume while minimizing airway pressure.

A ventilation mode delivering mandatory breaths at a preset rate but synchronizing them with patient effort, allowing spontaneous breaths in between.

A type of CSV that delivers a set level of pressure support to the patient's spontaneous breaths, with inspiratory flow, time, and tidal volume determined by patient effort.

PEEP that results from incomplete exhalation between breaths, often due to improper ventilator settings.

A noninvasive oxygen delivery system that provides high-flow, humidified oxygen, often exceeding 60 L/min.

Delivery of CSV via a sealed mask instead of an endotracheal tube.