Ventilation

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What is the definition of hyperpnea?

Sudden cessation of breathing

Decreased depth and rate of breathing

Increased depth and rate of breathing (correct)

Irregular breathing pattern

What is the triphasic response related to ventilation?

5 phases of response

2 phases of response

3 phases of response (correct)

4 phases of response

What does VD/VT ratio measure?

Blood oxygen levels

Lung capacity

Gas exchange efficiency (correct)

Carbon dioxide production

What is the physiological dead space attributed to?

Non-perfused alveolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'ventilatory drift' after exercise?

Rise in ventilation after a period of exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for minute ventilation (VE)?

Frequency * Tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical dead space approximately for an average person?

150 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not taking a big breath every time?

Dead space to tidal volume ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing minute ventilation (VE)?

Work rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for energy production during exercise?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pH at rest?

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors?

Detect hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects hemoglobin binding to O2?

PO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of CO2 on blood pH and the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin?

Decreases blood pH and enhances oxygen offloading Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for alveolar ventilation (VA)?

VA = (VT - VD) * frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchodilation?

Decreases airway resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Haldane effect?

Binding of O2 at lungs kicks off CO2 from hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Bohr effect?

Decreases affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyperpnea?

Increases O2 gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in tidal volume on the VD/VT ratio?

It causes the VD/VT ratio to decrease, meaning more air goes to the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the venous blood saturation as workload increases during incremental exercise?

It decreases and then plateaus around 80% of maximum workload Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

A condition when the oxygen carried in arterial blood is severely reduced during exercise Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the arterial CO2 levels at higher intensity exercise?

They drop off due to intense breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of altitude on atmospheric pressure?

Pressure is lower at altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of incremental exercise on alveolar and arterial PO2?

They are higher at maximal exercise than at rest Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the O2 saturation in venous blood as workload increases during incremental exercise?