Ventilation
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of hyperpnea?

  • Sudden cessation of breathing
  • Decreased depth and rate of breathing
  • Increased depth and rate of breathing (correct)
  • Irregular breathing pattern

What is the triphasic response related to ventilation?

  • 5 phases of response
  • 2 phases of response
  • 3 phases of response (correct)
  • 4 phases of response

What does VD/VT ratio measure?

  • Blood oxygen levels
  • Lung capacity
  • Gas exchange efficiency (correct)
  • Carbon dioxide production

What is the physiological dead space attributed to?

<p>Non-perfused alveolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'ventilatory drift' after exercise?

<p>Rise in ventilation after a period of exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for minute ventilation (VE)?

<p>Frequency * Tidal volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical dead space approximately for an average person?

<p>150 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not taking a big breath every time?

<p>Dead space to tidal volume ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing minute ventilation (VE)?

<p>Work rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for energy production during exercise?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pH at rest?

<p>7.4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

<p>Brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors?

<p>Detect hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects hemoglobin binding to O2?

<p>PO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of CO2 on blood pH and the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin?

<p>Decreases blood pH and enhances oxygen offloading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for alveolar ventilation (VA)?

<p>VA = (VT - VD) * frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchodilation?

<p>Decreases airway resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Haldane effect?

<p>Binding of O2 at lungs kicks off CO2 from hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Bohr effect?

<p>Decreases affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyperpnea?

<p>Increases O2 gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in tidal volume on the VD/VT ratio?

<p>It causes the VD/VT ratio to decrease, meaning more air goes to the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the venous blood saturation as workload increases during incremental exercise?

<p>It decreases and then plateaus around 80% of maximum workload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

<p>A condition when the oxygen carried in arterial blood is severely reduced during exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the arterial CO2 levels at higher intensity exercise?

<p>They drop off due to intense breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of altitude on atmospheric pressure?

<p>Pressure is lower at altitude (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of incremental exercise on alveolar and arterial PO2?

<p>They are higher at maximal exercise than at rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the O2 saturation in venous blood as workload increases during incremental exercise?

<p>It decreases and then plateaus around 80% of maximum workload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the body to pump more blood to muscles during exercise?

<p>To deliver more oxygen to the muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the O2 extraction from blood as workload increases?

<p>It plateaus around 50% of maximum work rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body compensate for lower atmospheric pressure at altitude?

<p>By breathing harder to obtain the same amount of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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