40 Questions
Which vein is commonly used for venipuncture and catheter placement in the forelimb?
Accessory cephalic v.
Which nerve innervates the superficial pectoral muscle?
Cranial pectoral nerves
Which nerve is involved in the panniculus reflex?
Lateral thoracic nerve
Which muscle is innervated by the subscapular nerve?
Subscapularis m.
Which nerve innervates the flexors of the shoulder?
Axillary nerve
Which nerve innervates the extensors of the elbow, carpus, digits, and supinator m.?
Radial nerve
What is the consequence of radial nerve damage at the brachial plexus?
Inability to bear weight
Which vein forms a connection between the cephalic v. and the median or brachial v.?
Median cubital v.
Which artery supplies the palmar common digital arteries?
Interosseous artery
Which nerve is responsible for cutaneous sensation of the lateral aspect of the 5th digit?
Ulnar nerve
What is the origin of the superficial palmar arch?
Median and ulnar arteries
Which structure is innervated by the median nerve?
Intrinsic muscles of the paw
What is the function of the common extensors of the elbow?
Produces complete extension of all joints distal to the shoulder
What is the main blood supply to the palmar paw?
Superficial palmar arch
Which nerve is responsible for cutaneous sensation of the caudal aspect of the antebrachium?
Superficial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Which nerve is responsible for cutaneous sensation on the lateral antebrachium?
Radial nerve
What is the function of the deep antebrachial muscles?
Extends the elbow and flexes the carpus and digits
What is the destination of the deep palmar arch?
Palmar common digital arteries
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the carpus and digits?
Carpal and digital flexors
Which nerve is responsible for innervation of the joints of the carpus and digits?
Radial nerve
Which nerve innervates the FCU and DDF muscles?
Ulnar nerve
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
Supinates the forearm
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the metacarpus?
Carpal and digital extensors
What is the function of the pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles?
Pronates the forearm
Which artery supplies the subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular a.
Which artery is responsible for supplying the triceps brachii muscle?
Deep brachial a.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint?
Biceps brachii
What is the name of the last branch of the brachial artery?
Common interosseus a.
Which artery is the principal source of blood to the paw?
Median a.
Which nerve is responsible for the sensation on the lateral shoulder region?
Axillary nerve
Which muscle is an extensor of the shoulder?
Latissimus dorsi
Which artery is found between the proximal humerus and teres major muscle?
Caudal circumflex humeral a.
Which artery supplies the lateral thoracic muscles?
Lateral thoracic artery
Which artery supplies the muscles of the shoulder and proximal brachium?
Caudal circumflex humeral a.
Which nerve is responsible for the loss of cutaneous sensation on the medial aspect of the antebrachium?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Which vein is of clinical relevance in the thoracic limb?
Cephalic v.
Which artery continues as the median artery in the limb?
Brachial a.
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the shoulder?
Deltoideus
Which nerve is responsible for the weakened ability to flex the shoulder?
Subscapular nerve
Which muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii
Study Notes
Venipuncture and Catheter Placement
- Accessory cephalic vein: located on the dorsum of the paw and distal antebrachium, can be used for venipuncture
- Median cubital vein: forms a connection between the cephalic vein and the median or brachial vein
- Median vein: drains into both median cubital and brachial veins
- Brachial vein: continuation of the median vein in the brachial region
Nerves of the Thoracic Limb
- Cranial pectoral nerves: innervate superficial pectoral muscle
- Caudal pectoral nerves: innervate deep pectoral muscle, often combined with the lateral thoracic nerve
- Lateral thoracic nerve: innervates cutaneous trunci muscle, involved in the panniculus reflex
- Suprascapular nerve: innervates lateral stabilizers of the shoulder (supraspinatus, infraspinatus muscles), loss of innervation could affect stability of the shoulder joint
- Subscapular nerve: innervates subscapularis muscle
- Musculocutaneous nerve: innervates extensors of the shoulder and flexors of the elbow (coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis muscles), autonomous (cutaneous) innervation to the medial aspect of the antebrachium
- Axillary nerve: innervates flexors of the shoulder (teres major, teres minor, deltoideus muscles)
- Thoracodorsal nerve: innervates latissimus dorsi muscle
- Radial nerve: innervates all extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus, digits, and supinator muscle, autonomous innervation to the lateral antebrachium and dorsal paw
Arteries of the Thoracic Limb
- Brachial artery: continuation of the axillary artery
- Deep brachial artery: supplies the triceps brachii muscle
- Bicipital artery: supplies the biceps brachii muscle
- Collateral ulnar artery: supplies the caudal elbow area
- Transverse cubital artery: supplies the cranial elbow and adjacent muscles
- Common interosseus artery: last branch of the brachial artery, short common trunk with three branches (ulnar, caudal interosseous, and cranial interosseous arteries)
- Median artery: principal source of blood to the paw, passes through the carpal canal with the deep digital flexor tendon to supply the palmar surface of the paw
- Deep antebrachial artery: supplies the deep antebrachium
- Radial artery: supplies the radial aspect of the antebrachium
- Superficial palmar arch: supplies the palmar paw
Veins of the Thoracic Limb
- Cephalic vein: named the same as the arteries they accompany
- Median vein: principal source of blood to the paw, passes through the carpal canal with the deep digital flexor tendon to supply the palmar surface of the paw
- Ulnar vein: accompanies the ulnar artery
- Radial vein: accompanies the radial artery
- Superficial palmar arch: supplies the palmar paw
This quiz covers the anatomy of the thoracic limb, including common sites for venipuncture and catheter placement, as well as the nerves of the thoracic limb originating from the brachial plexus.
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