Velocity and Flow Measurement in Rivers

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What is the main reason for the non-uniform distribution of velocity in a river or open channel?

Higher friction near the bed and sides (correct)

Fluctuations in the water discharge

Presence of obstacles in the channel

Variations in the channel cross-section

How does the meandering of a river affect the velocity distribution?

It causes uniform velocity distribution

It causes higher velocities on the inner bank

It has no effect on the velocity distribution

It causes higher velocities on the outer bank (correct)

What is the best method to measure the velocity in a river or open channel?

Using a current meter (correct)

Using a flow meter

Using a laser Doppler velocimeter

Using a pitot tube

How does the slope of a river or open channel affect the velocity?

Increasing the slope increases the velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the non-uniform velocity distribution in a river or open channel?

Interaction between the fluid and the channel boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a meander on the velocity distribution in a river?

It causes higher velocities on the outer bank Signup and view all the answers

Where is the maximum velocity typically found in an open channel or river?

Between 0.05 to 0.25 times the depth below the free surface Signup and view all the answers

How is the mean velocity in an open channel or river typically calculated?

As the velocity at 0.6d Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of channel meandering on the velocity distribution?

Velocity is higher on the convex side of the bend Signup and view all the answers

How does the slope of an open channel affect the velocity?

Velocity increases with increasing slope Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coefficient of energy (α) in Bernoulli's equation?

To account for the non-uniform velocity distribution in the channel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coefficient of momentum (β) in the momentum equation?

To relate the applied force to the change in momentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of the correction factor used to obtain the mean velocity from the surface velocity in an open channel?

0.75 to 0.85 Signup and view all the answers

Which method is useful for measuring velocity or flow in a river when conditions are too dangerous for conventional flow meters, especially during high sediment loads and floating debris?

Doppler Radar sensor Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Manning Equation?

To determine the discharge or depth in an open channel based on channel properties Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in the Manning Equation represents the slope of the water surface?

S (Slope of water surface) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the velocity correction coefficients (α and β) in open channel flow measurements?

To account for the non-uniform velocity distribution across the channel cross-section Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to record the instantaneous velocity components at a single point with a relatively high frequency in an open channel?

Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) Signup and view all the answers

Velocity and Flow Measurement in Rivers

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