18 Questions
What is the main reason for the non-uniform distribution of velocity in a river or open channel?
Higher friction near the bed and sides
How does the meandering of a river affect the velocity distribution?
It causes higher velocities on the outer bank
What is the best method to measure the velocity in a river or open channel?
Using a current meter
How does the slope of a river or open channel affect the velocity?
Increasing the slope increases the velocity
What is the primary reason for the non-uniform velocity distribution in a river or open channel?
Interaction between the fluid and the channel boundaries
What is the effect of a meander on the velocity distribution in a river?
It causes higher velocities on the outer bank
Where is the maximum velocity typically found in an open channel or river?
Between 0.05 to 0.25 times the depth below the free surface
How is the mean velocity in an open channel or river typically calculated?
As the velocity at 0.6d
What is the effect of channel meandering on the velocity distribution?
Velocity is higher on the convex side of the bend
How does the slope of an open channel affect the velocity?
Velocity increases with increasing slope
What is the purpose of the coefficient of energy (α) in Bernoulli's equation?
To account for the non-uniform velocity distribution in the channel
What is the purpose of the coefficient of momentum (β) in the momentum equation?
To relate the applied force to the change in momentum
What is the typical range of the correction factor used to obtain the mean velocity from the surface velocity in an open channel?
0.75 to 0.85
Which method is useful for measuring velocity or flow in a river when conditions are too dangerous for conventional flow meters, especially during high sediment loads and floating debris?
Doppler Radar sensor
What is the purpose of the Manning Equation?
To determine the discharge or depth in an open channel based on channel properties
Which parameter in the Manning Equation represents the slope of the water surface?
S (Slope of water surface)
What is the purpose of the velocity correction coefficients (α and β) in open channel flow measurements?
To account for the non-uniform velocity distribution across the channel cross-section
Which instrument is used to record the instantaneous velocity components at a single point with a relatively high frequency in an open channel?
Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)
Learn about methods for measuring velocity and flow in rivers or open channels, including using hydraulic structures like weirs, flow-meters such as current-meters, and advanced devices like Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters. Understand how mean velocity is calculated by applying correction factors.
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