Vegetable Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following vegetables belongs to the Sunflower family?

  • Asparagus
  • Celeriac
  • Chicory (correct)
  • Spinach

White asparagus is harvested after it is exposed to sunlight.

False (B)

Which vegetable is primarily known for its cold hardiness and is suitable for growth in north temperate regions?

  • Carrot (correct)
  • Sweet potato
  • Cassava
  • Taro

Which of the following is NOT a type of underground storage organ?

<p>Leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary edible part of an artichoke?

<p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sugar beet was developed in the late 1800s to reduce reliance on Caribbean cane sugar.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Celery salt is made from the powdered root of the ______ plant.

<p>celeriac</p> Signup and view all the answers

True roots are defined as plant parts that primarily function in making food through photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a true root vegetable.

<p>Carrot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of table sugar in Europe, China, and the United States?

<p>sugar beet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vegetables with their respective families:

<p>Swiss chard = Amaranth/Gooserooot (Amaranthaceae) Celery = Apiaceae or Umbelliferae Asparagus = Asparagaceae Sunflower = Asteraceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pungent flavor of garlic and onions comes from volatile sulfur compounds known as __________.

<p>allicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cultivated beet originated from the wild sea-beet found along the ________ coast.

<p>Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following underground storage organs with their examples:

<p>Bulbs = Onion Rhizomes = Ginger Tubers = Potato Corms = Water chestnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following taproots is known for being processed into a spicy condiment?

<p>Horseradish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vegetables to their respective characteristics or uses:

<p>Cabbage = Leafy vegetable Wasabi = Spicy condiment Sugar Beet = Source of table sugar Radish = Various cultivars</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of vegetables includes spinach and lettuce?

<p>Green vegetables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Radish cultivars include both small, pungent European types and large, white Asian types.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All root crops are true roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oil is produced by some species in the Mustard (Brassicaceae) family?

<p>seed oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of vegetables that belong to the Allium genus.

<p>Garlic, Onion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The family of plants that includes garlic and onions is called __________.

<p>Amaryllidaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is native to Central and South America and is often confused with yams?

<p>Sweet Potato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cassava contains high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is poi, and in which region is it popular?

<p>Poi is a fermented taro paste that is popular in Hawaii and the South Pacific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cassava must be __________ and __________ to remove poisonous substances before consumption.

<p>pulverized, boiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following root crops with their characteristics:

<p>Cassava = Contains poisonous cyanogenic glycosides Sweet Potato = Highly nutritious and delicate Carrot = Part of the Apiaceae family Taro = Used to make poi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major nutritional drawback of cassava?

<p>Minimal vitamins and minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tapioca is derived from sweet potatoes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of roots do biennial species produce that store carbohydrates for their second year of growth?

<p>Taproots</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a primary source of carbohydrates in West Africa?

<p>Yams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The potato was first cultivated in Europe.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What catastrophic event occurred in Ireland in 1845 due to potato blight?

<p>A severe famine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the tuber or corm to its origin:

<p>Potato = Andes Mountains of South America Yellow Yam = West Africa Water Yam = East Asia and Africa Taro = Indian subcontinent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the potato's propagation?

<p>Tubers are divided into small pieces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yams are often confused with sweet potatoes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to taro before consumption?

<p>It must be cooked to remove irritant calcium oxalate crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vegetable consists of a modified head of sterile, abortive flowers?

<p>Cauliflower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kale is considered the wild form of its species.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vegetable are Brussels Sprouts considered?

<p>Miniature cabbage-heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

The whole young plant of ______ is used, consisting of a rosette of leaves and fleshy leaf stalks.

<p>Bok choi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vegetables with their description:

<p>Kohlrabi = Fleshy, bulbous lower stem Lettuce = Various cultivated types including heading and loose-leaf Cauliflower = Modified head of sterile flowers Broccoli = Heads of immature flowering buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of cabbages?

<p>Winter food and pickling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cultivars of lettuce are identical in appearance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Root Crop

A vegetable whose harvested portion is dug from the soil. This includes true roots and underground stems, which are not true roots.

True Root

A plant part that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil. Examples include taproots like carrots and turnips.

Taproot

A large, swollen true root that stores carbohydrates. Examples include carrots and turnips.

Bulb

A modified stem with basal scale leaves that store food. Examples include onions and garlic.

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Rhizome

A swollen, horizontal underground stem that stores carbohydrates. Examples include ginger and licorice.

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Tuber

A swollen, enlarged rhizome tip with buds that stores carbohydrates. Examples include potatoes and yams.

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Corm

An enlarged, fleshy stem base that stores carbohydrates. Examples include water chestnuts and taro.

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Allium

A genus of monocot plants in the Daffodil family that includes onions, garlic, shallots, chives, and leeks.

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Potato

A starchy tuber that is a staple food source in many parts of the world.

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Potato Blight

A fungal disease that decimated potato crops in Ireland during the 1840s, leading to the Irish Potato Famine.

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Yams

A group of monocot tuber species that are important carbohydrate sources in tropical regions.

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Dioscorea cayenensis

The scientific name for the yellow and white yams, native to West Africa and a critical carbohydrate source.

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What is a Corm?

A swollen underground stem that stores food for the plant. It differs from tubers in being a stem, not a root.

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Why must Taro be cooked before consumption?

Taro contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are irritating to the mouth and digestive tract.

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How do potatoes and yams differ in reproduction?

Both potatoes and yams can be propagated vegetatively, but potatoes rely on 'eyes' on the tuber, while yams are usually harvested by cutting mature tubers into smaller pieces.

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Endive

A green vegetable in the Sunflower family that is made from the blanched young shoots of the plant. It is grown without light to achieve its pale color.

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Chicory

A plant in the Sunflower family with multiple uses, including salads and forage. It is known for its slightly bitter flavor and can be used as a coffee substitute.

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Artichoke

An immature flowering head in the Sunflower family, with the edible part being the fleshy base of the flower called the 'heart'.

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Celeriac

A bulbous root of a celery cultivar. It is a popular vegetable in European cuisine, often used in soups and stews.

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Swiss chard

A leafy variety of the beet plant in the Amaranth family. It is a valuable source of vitamins and minerals, especially iron.

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Cabbage

A vegetable whose head is made of tightly packed leaves, formed when the apical meristem stops growing tall and inner leaves don't expand.

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Broccoli

A vegetable consisting of clusters of immature flower buds and their thick stems.

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Brussels Sprouts

Tiny, edible cabbage heads that grow from buds on the stem.

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Cauliflower

A white, bulbous head made of sterile, undeveloped flowers.

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Kohlrabi

A vegetable that is the swollen, edible lower stem of a plant, harvested when young.

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Bok Choi

A vegetable consisting of a rosette of leaves and fleshy stalks.

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Lettuce

A leafy green vegetable with different varieties, including headed, loose-leaf and cos types.

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Carrot Family

A family of plants famous for its spices, carbohydrates, and herbs. The orange-coloured carrot cultivar was developed in the Netherlands during the 1600s.

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Beet Family

This family is known for its beets and sugar beets, both varieties of Beta vulgaris. They originated from the wild sea-beet along the Mediterranean coast. Sugar beet was developed to replace cane sugar in Europe.

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Mustard Family

This family features plants like turnips, rutabagas, and radishes, known for their cold hardiness and use as winter food sources.

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Turnip

A taproot vegetable from Brassica rapa var. rapa, European in origin and grown for centuries as a reliable winter food source.

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Rutabaga

A taproot vegetable from Brassica napus var. napobrassica, European in origin, grown for centuries as a reliable winter food source.

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Radish

A taproot vegetable from Raphanus sativus, native to Eurasia and known for its variety of cultivars.

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Horseradish

A taproot from Armoracia rusticana, originating from southern Europe, known for its pungent taste.

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Wasabi

A taproot from Wasabia japonica, native to Japan, known for its pungent flavor used as a condiment.

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Cassava

A tropical starchy root crop, also known as tapioca or manioc, native to Central and South America. It is a crucial starch source in the tropics, especially in parts of Africa.

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Sweet Potato

A trailing vine native to Central and South America, domesticated around 4,500 years ago. It is highly nutritious, containing starch, protein, vitamins, and minerals.

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Biennial Taproot

A type of taproot found in cool-temperate regions, storing carbohydrates in its first year, and using them to produce flowers and fruits in the second year.

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Carrot Family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae)

A plant family that includes the carrot and parsnip, both of which are important temperate taproots.

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Why Are Taproots Harvested in Fall?

Taproots are harvested in early fall of their first year because they are storing the most carbohydrates and nutrients at this time, before they are used up in the second year.

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What Makes Cassava Poisonous?

Cassava contains poisonous cyanogenic glycosides, which must be removed by pulverizing and boiling before consumption.

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Why Is Poi Important?

Fermented taro paste, known as poi, is a popular taro-based porridge in Hawaii and the South Pacific, providing a significant source of carbohydrates.

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What's Similar To Poi?

Poi is similar to potato-based foods in its preparation and use as a source of carbohydrates.

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Study Notes

Vegetables

  • Vegetables are a broad term, encompassing all plant parts except fruit
  • Two categories: root crops (below ground) and green crops (above ground)
  • Root crops are harvested below ground; this includes true roots, which absorb water and nutrients, and underground stems which are not true roots
  • True roots are swollen and store carbohydrates; Examples include carrots and turnips
  • Underground stems include bulbs, rhizomes, tubers, and corms.
    • Bulbs are modified stems with basal scales, e.g., onion, garlic.
    • Rhizomes are swollen, horizontal underground stems, e.g., ginger, liquorice
    • Tubers are swollen, enlarged rhizome tips with buds. e.g., potato, yam
    • Corms are enlarged, swollen stem bases, e.g. water chestnut, taro.
  • Green vegetable crops include leaves, stems, immature flowering heads, shoot tips, and seedlings.

Major Root Crops

  • Bulbs: Onions, garlic, shallots, leeks and chives originate from central Asia, and are rich in volatile sulfur compounds, resulting in their pungent flavor.
  • Roots: Important crops like potato (Solanum tuberosum), a starchy food source in many parts of the world, is originated from the Andes Mountains. It's high in carbohydrates and has little protein. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a corm cultivated in Southeast Asia and is a source of carbohydrates.
  • Cassava (Manihot esculenta): A tropical starchy root crop.
    • A primary starch source in Africa, often responsible for a third of the caloric intake in tropical areas.

Major Green Vegetable Crops

  • Brassica oleracea: Highly mutable species indigenous to Europe; examples include cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale, and collards.
  • Mustard Family: Important for cold hardiness, producing leafy vegetables, seed oils, and forages. Examples include turnip, rutabaga, radish, and wasabi.
  • Amaranth/Goosefoot Family: Significant examples are Swiss chard and beet greens.
  • Carrot Family: Examples of useful vegetables include carrots, and parsnips
  • Sunflower Family: Examples include lettuce, endive, chard.

Other Vegetable Types

  • Sweet Potato: (Ipomoea batatas): A eudicot native to Central and South America. It's rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
  • Asparagus: (Asparagus officinalis): Monocot cultivated in ancient Egypt; harvested while young, and popular as a spring vegetable

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