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Questions and Answers
Ashwamedha yagam platform was unearthed at ______.
Nagarjunakonda
Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula obtained the title of ______ through the Vajapeya yagam.
Samrat
Santisiri was described as ______ and Malatalavari in inscriptions.
Mahadanapatni
Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula married his daughter Adavi Santisri to ______ of the Dhanika family.
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Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula's son Veerapurushadatta was married to ______ of Ujjain.
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Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula was titled as ______ for donating ploughs.
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According to the inscriptions, Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula donated ______ of gold coins.
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Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula established matrimonial relations with other royal dynasties such as ______ and Danika.
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Veerapurushadatta's reign can be called the '______ age of Mahayana Buddhism'.
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Veerapurushadatta was hailed as the ______ of South India.
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Nagarjunakonda became popular as '______ Gaya' during Veerapurushadatta's period.
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Veerapurushadatta was the son of ______ Santamula.
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Rudrabhattarika was a princess of ______ and donated a Ayaka pillar for the construction of Mahachaitya.
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Veerapurushadatta initially followed ______ and converted to Buddhism under the influence of his aunt.
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Veerapurushadatta's queen was ______ mahadevi.
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The Pushpabhadra Swamy Temple is built in the shape of ______?
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Nagarjunakonda is also known as ______ Gaya.
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Sivasena, the general of Abhira king ______, invaded the kingdom of Ikshvakus during the time of Ehuvala Shantamula.
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The Ashtabhuja Narayana Swamy Temple is the first ______ temple built in Andhra.
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Elishri, Senani of Ehuvala Shantamula built a ______ temple named 'Sarvadeva'.
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During the time of Ikshvakas, there was also worship of mother ______ goddess.
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Only one of the Ikshvaku kings, ______, followed Buddhism.
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The period of ______ could be regarded as the brightest one for Buddhism.
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Sati appears for the first time in ______ sculptures.
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By the time of C.E 2nd century, Nagarjunakonda became a famous ______ arama in India itself.
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______ branch of Buddhism supported the carving of Buddha in human form.
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The ______ sculpture is the most important sculpture of the Ikshvaku period found in Jaggayyapeta.
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The tradition of ______ the statues of martyrs started from the Ikshvakus period.
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The sculpture related to ______ ritual was found in Nagarjunakonda.
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The name of sculptor ______ is seen on Vihara at Nagarjunakonda.
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The practice of writing ______, year, and tidhi on inscriptions also started during this period.
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Stupas were built over the remains of body parts of ______ or leading Buddhist monks.
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In the post-Satavahana society, along with four ______, several mixed castes and sub-castes have emerged.
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Every person, with birth itself, used to adopt the occupation of his ancestors and receive the social status that is attached to ______.
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Kings considered it as the duty to see that ______ do not become impure.
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Ikshvakus made contract marriage alliances with local families such as Pugiyas, Dhanikas and ______.
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The performance of Vedic ______ by the Ikshvaku kings, employing Brahmins in higher posts and the construction of temples, have contributed for the improvement of the economic condition of the Brahmins.
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Kings used to give ______ to Brahmins.
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Brahmins got formed into three ______. They were Vedic scholars, temple priests and employees of the king.
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Agriculturalists used to be called as ______.
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Study Notes
Vedic Rites and Titles
- Santamula performed Agnihotadhri and Agnistoma, signifying his aspiration to become a dwija (higher social status)
- Agnistoma is a simple Soma Yagam, typically performed by Kshatriyas to attain the position of "Samrat"
- Ashwamedha yagam was performed by kings to announce their victories
- Vashishthaputra Srisanthamula obtained titles through these Yagas, including Samrat, Swarat, and Virat
Inscriptions and Titles
- Satasahasra Satasahasra Haladata was a title given to Santamula for donating ploughs
- He was also titled Maharaja, Maha Daanadhipati, and Mahadanapatni
- Inscriptions found at Nagarjunakonda describe Santamula as Mahadandanayaka and Mahatalavari
Marriage Alliances and Expanding Kingdom
- Santamula established matrimonial relations with other royal dynasties, such as Pugiya and Danika, to expand his kingdom
- He married his sister, Shantasri, to Mahaskandhasri, who belonged to the Pugiya dynasty
- His daughter, Adavi Santisri, was married to Skanda Visakhanaga, who belonged to the Dhanika family
Nagarjunakonda Inscriptions
- The Nagarjunakonda inscription states that Santamula's son, Virapurushadatta, was married to Rudrabhattarika, a Saka Kshatrapa princess of Ujjain
- This marriage stabilized the Ikshvaku kingdom
Veerapurushadatta
- Veerapurushadatta was the son of Sri Santamula and the greatest of all Ikshvaku kings
- He was hailed as the Ashoka of South India and Sriparvatadhipati
- Inscriptions found at Amaravati, Jaggayapeta, Uppugundur, and Nagarjunakonda provide details about his reign
- He was initially a Vedic devotee but converted to Buddhism under the influence of his aunt, Santasri
- His reign is referred to as the "golden age of Mahayana Buddhism"
- During his period, Nagarjunakonda became popular as "Southern Gaya"
Buddhism
- Veerapurushadatta was the only Ikshvaku king to convert to Buddhism
- The period of Virapurushadatta was the brightest one for Buddhism
- Ikshvaku queens patronized Buddhism and made donations
- Not only royal ladies but also common women made donations to Buddhist Viharas and issued inscriptions
- By the 2nd century CE, Nagarjunakonda became a famous Buddhist arama in India
- Nagarjunakonda inscriptions refer to several Buddhist sects, including Pubbasailulu, Aparasaileeyulu, and Bahusruteeyulu
Hindu Temples
- Pushpabhadra Swamy Temple was built in the shape of Gajaprishta during the Ikshvaku period
- Ashtabhuja Narayana Swamy Temple was built during the period of Ehuvala Shantamula
- Sivasena, the general of Abhira king Vasusena, built a Vaishnava temple named Ashtabhuja Swamy on Nagarjunakonda
- Karthikeya temple was built by Elishri, Senani of Ehuvala Shantamula
- Harathi Temple was built on Nagarjunakonda, and women used to offer bangles at Saptamatrikas in the temple for progeny
Social Conditions
- In the post-Satavahana society, four varnas and several mixed castes and sub-castes emerged
- Every person was born into an occupation and received a social status attached to it
- In the later period, castes based on occupations emerged
- Kings considered it their duty to maintain the purity of varnas, but varnas still lost their purity
- Persons sometimes adopted occupations different from their caste or varna occupations, leading to "varna contamination"
- Brahmins improved their social status, and kings used to give land to them, exempting them from 18 types of taxes
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Description
Explore the significance of Vedic rites like Agnihotadhri, Agnistoma, and Ashwamedha in attaining royal titles and social status in ancient India.
