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Questions and Answers
What significant change occurred in Rome during the late sixth century b.c.e.?
What significant change occurred in Rome during the late sixth century b.c.e.?
Which legendary figure is credited with founding the city of Rome?
Which legendary figure is credited with founding the city of Rome?
From where did the Etruscans likely migrate before settling in Italy?
From where did the Etruscans likely migrate before settling in Italy?
During which centuries did the Etruscans dominate much of Italy?
During which centuries did the Etruscans dominate much of Italy?
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What form of government was established in Rome after the monarchy was abolished?
What form of government was established in Rome after the monarchy was abolished?
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Which of the following best describes the early political landscape of the Italian peninsula?
Which of the following best describes the early political landscape of the Italian peninsula?
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How did the Etruscans contribute to the development of Italy during their dominance?
How did the Etruscans contribute to the development of Italy during their dominance?
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What did the discovery of bronze metallurgy around 1800 b.c.e. lead to in the Italian peninsula?
What did the discovery of bronze metallurgy around 1800 b.c.e. lead to in the Italian peninsula?
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What materials did the Etruscans primarily work with in their manufacturing?
What materials did the Etruscans primarily work with in their manufacturing?
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Which external groups posed challenges to the Etruscans during their decline?
Which external groups posed challenges to the Etruscans during their decline?
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What significant transition occurred in Rome in 509 b.c.e.?
What significant transition occurred in Rome in 509 b.c.e.?
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What geographic advantage did Rome have during the Etruscan dominance?
What geographic advantage did Rome have during the Etruscan dominance?
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What role did Etruscan merchants play in the development of Rome?
What role did Etruscan merchants play in the development of Rome?
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What type of scenes are often depicted in the paintings found in Etruscan tombs?
What type of scenes are often depicted in the paintings found in Etruscan tombs?
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During which centuries did Etruscan kings rule Rome?
During which centuries did Etruscan kings rule Rome?
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Which of the following best describes the state of Etruscan society by the late sixth century b.c.e.?
Which of the following best describes the state of Etruscan society by the late sixth century b.c.e.?
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What contributed to the Romans securing control of the Italian peninsula?
What contributed to the Romans securing control of the Italian peninsula?
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Which power was dominant in the western Mediterranean during the fourth and third centuries b.c.e.?
Which power was dominant in the western Mediterranean during the fourth and third centuries b.c.e.?
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What was one of the rights granted to the conquered peoples in Italy?
What was one of the rights granted to the conquered peoples in Italy?
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Which of the following best describes the outcome of Roman expansion in the Mediterranean?
Which of the following best describes the outcome of Roman expansion in the Mediterranean?
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What kind of relationships did Romans forbid conquered peoples to have?
What kind of relationships did Romans forbid conquered peoples to have?
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What was a major source of wealth and power for Carthage?
What was a major source of wealth and power for Carthage?
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Which Hellenistic empire controlled Egypt during the period described?
Which Hellenistic empire controlled Egypt during the period described?
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What impact did Rome's conquests have on their military needs?
What impact did Rome's conquests have on their military needs?
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What was a key characteristic of Augustus’s government?
What was a key characteristic of Augustus’s government?
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How did Augustus ensure loyalty within the military?
How did Augustus ensure loyalty within the military?
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What approach did Augustus take compared to Julius Caesar?
What approach did Augustus take compared to Julius Caesar?
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Which of the following was NOT a reform implemented by Augustus?
Which of the following was NOT a reform implemented by Augustus?
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What significant change occurred during the two centuries following Augustus’s reign?
What significant change occurred during the two centuries following Augustus’s reign?
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What role did Augustus’s image play in his governance according to the statue described?
What role did Augustus’s image play in his governance according to the statue described?
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How did Augustus's changes impact the civil wars in Rome?
How did Augustus's changes impact the civil wars in Rome?
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What territories did Rome control before the conquests following Augustus's rule?
What territories did Rome control before the conquests following Augustus's rule?
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What was the primary purpose of Roman roads in the empire?
What was the primary purpose of Roman roads in the empire?
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Which of the following features was NOT a characteristic of Roman road construction?
Which of the following features was NOT a characteristic of Roman road construction?
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How wide were the main Roman roads typically built?
How wide were the main Roman roads typically built?
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What was one notable feat achieved by Tiberius traveling on Roman roads?
What was one notable feat achieved by Tiberius traveling on Roman roads?
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What was the estimated total length of Roman roads in the empire?
What was the estimated total length of Roman roads in the empire?
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Which route connected the port of Berenice to Alexandria?
Which route connected the port of Berenice to Alexandria?
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Which of the following was a function of the imperial postal system?
Which of the following was a function of the imperial postal system?
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How did the Roman road system compare to those of other ancient empires?
How did the Roman road system compare to those of other ancient empires?
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What was a significant outcome of Roman expansion in Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain?
What was a significant outcome of Roman expansion in Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain?
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Which of the following regions was NOT mentioned as part of the Roman Empire during Augustus's reign?
Which of the following regions was NOT mentioned as part of the Roman Empire during Augustus's reign?
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What is the period known as the Pax Romana characterized by?
What is the period known as the Pax Romana characterized by?
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What did Roman officials seek when they began arriving in large numbers to newly integrated territories?
What did Roman officials seek when they began arriving in large numbers to newly integrated territories?
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What was the impact of Octavian’s conquest of Egypt on Roman presence in Africa?
What was the impact of Octavian’s conquest of Egypt on Roman presence in Africa?
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Which cities are noted for tracing their origins to Roman times?
Which cities are noted for tracing their origins to Roman times?
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How long did the Pax Romana last?
How long did the Pax Romana last?
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What was a major difference between the territories in southeastern Europe and those in Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain during Roman expansion?
What was a major difference between the territories in southeastern Europe and those in Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain during Roman expansion?
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Study Notes
Rome's Transition from Kingdom to Republic
- Rome, founded in the 8th century BCE, started as a small city-state ruled by a king.
- In the 6th century BCE, Roman aristocrats overthrew the monarchy and established a republic.
- A republic is a form of government where representatives represent different constituencies and interests.
- Rome's republic lasted over 500 years, becoming the dominant power in the Mediterranean world.
The Etruscans and Rome's Origins
- Early legends trace Rome's origins to Aeneas, a refugee from Troy, who fled to Italy after the fall of Troy.
- Romulus and Remus, descendants of Aeneas, were raised by a she-wolf and founded Rome in 753 BCE.
- However, archaeological evidence and historical records suggest a more gradual process of development for the city.
- Groups of Indo-European migrants settled in the Italian peninsula from 2000 BCE onwards, mixing with existing populations.
- They developed agriculture and tribal federations, and metalworking (bronze around 1800 BCE, iron around 900 BCE).
- Etruscans, a dynamic group, migrated to Italy from Anatolia.
- They dominated Italy between the 8th and 5th centuries BCE, controlling areas from Tuscany to central Italy.
- Etruscans developed thriving cities, established trade routes, and influenced the early Roman culture.
- Roman society was influenced by Etruscan culture.
- Eventually, the Etruscans' power declined and Rome's influence grew.
The Kingdom of Rome
- Early Rome was a monarchy under Etruscan rule.
- Kings provided Rome with infrastructure like paved streets, defensive walls, and temples.
- Roman kings were Etruscan.
- Conflicts arose between patricians (upper class) and plebeians (lower class), leading to political tensions.
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