Vascular Tumors & Tumor-like Lesions

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Questions and Answers

Which risk factor is associated with hepatic angiosarcoma?

Asbestos exposure

Heavy alcohol consumption

Chronic viral hepatitis

Thorotrast exposure (correct)

What is the typical location for myxomas in adults?

Ventricles

Pulmonary arteries

Left atrium (correct)

Right atrium

What characteristic is NOT associated with myxomas?

Origin from endothelial cells (correct)

Single mass from fossa ovalis

Soft and translucent

Diameter of 1-10 cm

Which of the following heart tumors is most likely to undergo spontaneous regression?

Rhabdomyoma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pericarditis is caused primarily by viral infections?

Serous pericarditis Signup and view all the answers

What is a known cause of constrictive pericarditis?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumors is derived from pericyte cells?

Hemangiopericytoma Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasm is most commonly found as a metastatic tumor of the heart?

Lung carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the common histological feature of myxomas?

Star-shaped hyperchromatic nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a potential cause of acute pericarditis?

Heart valve disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with a port wine stain?

Regresses spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

Sturge-Weber Syndrome is most commonly associated with which of the following?

Facial nevus Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a glomus tumor?

Painful and located under fingernails Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately describes hemangiomas?

Include both strawberry and cavernous types Signup and view all the answers

Kaposi Sarcoma is associated with which of the following features?

Can affect lymph nodes and viscera Signup and view all the answers

Basillary angiomatosis is caused by which of the following organisms?

Bartonella henselae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature specific to pyogenic granuloma?

Associated with trauma Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is characterized by plump tumor cells without well-defined vascular channels?

Hemangioendothelioma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hemangioma is typically an uncapsulated and infiltrative mass?

Cavernous hemangioma Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by vascular proliferation due to a specific opportunistic bacillus?

Basillary angiomatosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vascular Tumors & Tumor-like Lesions

Nevus Flammeus: Most common vascular ectasia. Flat, light pink to deep purple, involving dilated vessels on the head and neck. Often regresses spontaneously.
Port Wine Stain: Grows during childhood, thickened skin surface that does not fade with time.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Facial port wine nevus, ipsilateral venous angiomas in the cortical leptomeninges, mental retardation, seizures, hemiplegia, and skull radio-opacities.
Spider Telangiectasias: Frequently associated with hyperestrogenic states (pregnancy or liver cirrhosis).
Hemangiomas: Aggregates of closely packed, thin-walled capillaries. Types include strawberry, juvenile capillary, and cavernous hemangiomas. Strawberry and juvenile capillary types often spontaneously regress. Cavernous hemangiomas are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.
Pyogenic Granuloma: Rapidly growing, pedunculated lesions on skin, gingiva, and oral mucosa. Often develops after trauma.

Glomus Tumor

Painful, distal digits, under fingernail. Modified smooth muscle cells of glomus bodies; involved in thermoregulation.
Basal Cell Angiomatosis: Gram-negative opportunistic bacillus (Bartonella) causing vascular proliferation in immunocompromised individuals. Skin, bone, and brain can be involved. Associated with Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch disease) and Bartonella quintana (human body lice).

Kaposi Sarcoma

Patch/raised plaques or nodules. Associated with human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV-8). Classic Kaposi Sarcoma is often associated with malignancy or altered immunity. Not associated with HIV, and is asymptomatic localization to skin and subcutaneous tissue. Endemic (African) Kaposi Sarcoma is often seronegative, under 40 years old, can be indolent or aggressive, and involves lymph nodes more than classic KS.

Transplant-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma

Involved in T-cell immunosuppression, often involves mucosa and viscera. May regress with immunosuppression. Risk of organ rejection. AIDS-associated Kaposi Sarcoma.
Hemangioendothelioma: No well-defined vascular channels, tumor cell's often plump with abortive intracytoplasmic lumina.
Angiosarcoma: Malignant endothelial neoplasm. Associated with hepatic angiosarcoma: (arsenic, thorotrast, PVC). Can arise ipsilateral upper extremity after radical mastectomy. Also includes Hemangiopericytoma (origin from pericytes - rare); pericellular, resembling myofibroblasts surrounding venules and capillaries.

Neoplastic Heart Diseases

Primary Tumors: Papillary fibroelastoma, lipoma, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.
Metastatic (more common): Lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma, leukemia, and lymphomas.

Myxoma

Most common in adults (90% atrium, 80% left atrium). Single mass from fossa ovalis (1-10 cm diameter, stalk or sessile). Soft, translucent, gelatinous appearance. Originating from multipotent mesenchymal cells. Star-shaped, hyperchromatic nuclei, endothelial cell with multiple nuclei.
Rhabdomyoma: Spontaneous regression (hamartoma?). 1-2 cm, ventricular mass, grey/white, with spider extensions of nuclei and large round/polygonal shaped nuclei with cytoplasm and glucose-loaded vacuoles.
Lipoma: Typically asymptomatic, usually localized on heart valves.

Causes of Pericarditis

Infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi; other parasites), immune-mediated reactions (SLE, scleroderma, rheumatic fever), post-cardic surgery, drug hypersensitivity reactions, MI, uremia, trauma, radiation, tuberculosis, malignant neoplasia, cardiac surgery.

Acute, Healed, and Purulent/Suppurative Pericarditis

Acute: Adhesive, constrictive, serous, serofibrinous, fibrinous, suppurative, hemorrhagic. Causes: Non-bacterial inflammations (RF, SLE, tumor), early stage bacteria, viral infection. Inflammation reaction (scant PNL, lymphocytes, histiocytes). Fluid accumulation. Avascular permeability, protein-rich fluid; organization is rare, heals with resolution. Fibrinous & Serofibrinous pericarditis is most frequent.
Healed: Adhesive mediastinopericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, serous, serofibrinous, fibrinous, hemorrhagic.
Purulent/Suppurative: Invasion of pericardial sac with infective organisms (direct extension, seeding from blood, lymphatic extension, introduction through surgery, etc.). Thin, creamy pus, yellowish-green exudate, serosal surface, resolution (rare), organization, constrictive pericarditis). Hemorrhagic pericarditis with blood exudate. Causes: Tuberculosis, malignant neoplasia, cardiac surgery.

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Description

Explore the various types of vascular tumors and tumor-like lesions, including Nevus Flammeus, Port Wine Stain, and Sturge-Weber Syndrome. This quiz covers the characteristics, associations, and clinical implications of these conditions, enhancing your understanding of vascular pathology.