Vascular Flow Changes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the five classical signs of inflammation according to the text?

  • Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Fever
  • Redness, Dryness, Swelling, Pain, Heat
  • Redness, Cold, Swelling, Pain, Numbness
  • Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function (correct)

Which classical sign of inflammation is described as 'Inflamed tissue appears red'?

  • Swelling
  • Redness (correct)
  • Pain
  • Heat

What causes the increase in temperature associated with the classical sign of 'Heat' in inflammation?

  • Dilation of blood vessels and increased blood flow (correct)
  • Loss of blood supply
  • Decreased blood flow
  • Absence of pain mediators

Which chemical mediators mentioned in the text are responsible for inducing pain in inflammation?

<p>Bradykinin, Prostaglandin, Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Functio laesa,' a classical sign of inflammation, refers to:

<p>Conscious and reflex inhibition of movement in inflamed areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?

<p>Release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>Promote tissue healing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular infiltrate is mainly seen in acute inflammation?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute inflammation from chronic inflammation based on time course?

<p>Fast onset vs. slow onset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute inflammation?

<p>Chronic illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue injury is usually associated with chronic inflammation?

<p>Severe and self-limited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature that differentiates acute from chronic inflammation based on cellular components involved?

<p>Mainly neutrophils vs. monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chemokines in the inflammatory response?

<p>Leukocyte activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical mediator is responsible for smooth muscle contraction and pain during inflammation?

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and NSAIDs?

<p>Inhibiting prostaglandin production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma factor directly targets killing of pathogens in the inflammatory response?

<p>Complement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stored in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, which early mediator causes immediate transient vascular permeability?

<p>Histamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do prostaglandins and leukotrienes play in the inflammatory response?

<p>Promoting leukocyte chemotaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophils?

<p>Killing microbes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical mediators are responsible for increased vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion?

<p>Leukotrienes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lysozyme in bacterial cells?

<p>Breaking down bacterial cell walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical mediator is responsible for causing vasodilation, pain, and fever?

<p>Prostaglandins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of halide (Cl-) in neutrophils lead to?

<p>Production of hypochlorite (HOCl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells release cytokines like TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 during inflammation?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?

<p>Increased vascular permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to endothelial intracellular proteins under the influence of chemical inflammatory mediators?

<p>They contract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid is characteristic of exudate in acute inflammation?

<p>Fluid with specific gravity greater than 1.020 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular event follows changes in vascular permeability during acute inflammation?

<p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fenestrations in endothelial cells?

<p>To create transient gaps for fluid escape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the escape of a protein-rich fluid into the interstitium during acute inflammation?

<p>Contraction of endothelial proteins under inflammatory mediators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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