30 Questions
What are the five classical signs of inflammation according to the text?
Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function
Which classical sign of inflammation is described as 'Inflamed tissue appears red'?
Redness
What causes the increase in temperature associated with the classical sign of 'Heat' in inflammation?
Dilation of blood vessels and increased blood flow
Which chemical mediators mentioned in the text are responsible for inducing pain in inflammation?
Bradykinin, Prostaglandin, Serotonin
'Functio laesa,' a classical sign of inflammation, refers to:
Conscious and reflex inhibition of movement in inflamed areas
What triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?
Release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells
What is the purpose of inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?
Promote tissue healing
Which cellular infiltrate is mainly seen in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What distinguishes acute inflammation from chronic inflammation based on time course?
Fast onset vs. slow onset
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute inflammation?
Chronic illness
What type of tissue injury is usually associated with chronic inflammation?
Severe and self-limited
What is the main feature that differentiates acute from chronic inflammation based on cellular components involved?
Mainly neutrophils vs. monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes
What is the main function of chemokines in the inflammatory response?
Leukocyte activation
Which chemical mediator is responsible for smooth muscle contraction and pain during inflammation?
Serotonin
What is the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and NSAIDs?
Inhibiting prostaglandin production
Which plasma factor directly targets killing of pathogens in the inflammatory response?
Complement
Stored in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, which early mediator causes immediate transient vascular permeability?
Histamine
What role do prostaglandins and leukotrienes play in the inflammatory response?
Promoting leukocyte chemotaxis
What is the main role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophils?
Killing microbes
Which chemical mediators are responsible for increased vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion?
Leukotrienes
What is the role of Lysozyme in bacterial cells?
Breaking down bacterial cell walls
Which chemical mediator is responsible for causing vasodilation, pain, and fever?
Prostaglandins
What does the presence of halide (Cl-) in neutrophils lead to?
Production of hypochlorite (HOCl)
Which cells release cytokines like TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 during inflammation?
Macrophages
What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability
What happens to endothelial intracellular proteins under the influence of chemical inflammatory mediators?
They contract
What type of fluid is characteristic of exudate in acute inflammation?
Fluid with specific gravity greater than 1.020
Which cellular event follows changes in vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Phagocytosis
What is the purpose of fenestrations in endothelial cells?
To create transient gaps for fluid escape
What leads to the escape of a protein-rich fluid into the interstitium during acute inflammation?
Contraction of endothelial proteins under inflammatory mediators
Test your knowledge on the changes in vascular flow, calibre, and permeability in response to acute inflammation. Questions cover vasoconstriction, vasodilation, local blood flow, redness, heat, and cellular events like leucocyte emigration and phagocytosis.
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