Vascular Flow Changes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the five classical signs of inflammation according to the text?

  • Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Fever
  • Redness, Dryness, Swelling, Pain, Heat
  • Redness, Cold, Swelling, Pain, Numbness
  • Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function (correct)
  • Which classical sign of inflammation is described as 'Inflamed tissue appears red'?

  • Swelling
  • Redness (correct)
  • Pain
  • Heat
  • What causes the increase in temperature associated with the classical sign of 'Heat' in inflammation?

  • Dilation of blood vessels and increased blood flow (correct)
  • Loss of blood supply
  • Decreased blood flow
  • Absence of pain mediators
  • Which chemical mediators mentioned in the text are responsible for inducing pain in inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin, Prostaglandin, Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Functio laesa,' a classical sign of inflammation, refers to:

    <p>Conscious and reflex inhibition of movement in inflamed areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation according to the text?

    <p>Release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

    <p>Promote tissue healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular infiltrate is mainly seen in acute inflammation?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acute inflammation from chronic inflammation based on time course?

    <p>Fast onset vs. slow onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute inflammation?

    <p>Chronic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue injury is usually associated with chronic inflammation?

    <p>Severe and self-limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that differentiates acute from chronic inflammation based on cellular components involved?

    <p>Mainly neutrophils vs. monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemokines in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Leukocyte activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is responsible for smooth muscle contraction and pain during inflammation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and NSAIDs?

    <p>Inhibiting prostaglandin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma factor directly targets killing of pathogens in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stored in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, which early mediator causes immediate transient vascular permeability?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do prostaglandins and leukotrienes play in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Promoting leukocyte chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophils?

    <p>Killing microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediators are responsible for increased vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Lysozyme in bacterial cells?

    <p>Breaking down bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is responsible for causing vasodilation, pain, and fever?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of halide (Cl-) in neutrophils lead to?

    <p>Production of hypochlorite (HOCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release cytokines like TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 during inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to endothelial intracellular proteins under the influence of chemical inflammatory mediators?

    <p>They contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid is characteristic of exudate in acute inflammation?

    <p>Fluid with specific gravity greater than 1.020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular event follows changes in vascular permeability during acute inflammation?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fenestrations in endothelial cells?

    <p>To create transient gaps for fluid escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the escape of a protein-rich fluid into the interstitium during acute inflammation?

    <p>Contraction of endothelial proteins under inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

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