75 Questions
Which type of blood vessels does atherosclerosis primarily affect?
Arteries
What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis?
Smoking
What is the main characteristic of an atheromatous plaque?
Patchy and raised
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
Vasculitis
What is the main cause of varicose veins?
Atherosclerosis
What are the age-related changes observed in blood vessels?
All of the above
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Thrombosis
Which of the following is a complication of atherosclerosis?
Peripheral vascular disease
Which type of aneurysm is commonly found in the abdominal aorta?
Atherosclerotic aneurysm
What is the most common cause of death in dissecting aortic aneurysms?
Rupture
Which type of aneurysm is associated with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage?
Berry aneurysm
What are the risk factors for varicose veins?
Age, sex, heredity, posture, obesity
What is the pathogenesis of vasculitis?
Cell immune-mediated inflammation
Which type of vasculitis affects large to small-sized arteries, including the temporal, vertebral, and ophthalmic arteries?
Giant-cell (temporal) arteritis
Which type of vasculitis affects medium and larger arteries of the upper limbs and the arch of the aorta?
Takayasu arteritis
Which type of heart failure is characterized by reduced ejection fraction?
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD)
What is the main aim of treating heart failure?
Relieve symptoms
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for treating heart failure?
Relaxing vascular smooth muscle
Which of the following is NOT a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
Beta blockers
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin in treating heart failure?
Increases cardiac contractility
Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological treatment for heart failure?
Coronary revascularization
Which of the following approaches can prolong life in heart failure and counteract some of the symptoms?
All of the above
Which of the following is a step in the treatment of chronic heart failure according to the text?
D = Diuretic if fluid retention
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following drugs is NOT an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)?
Candesartan
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following is a reason for using beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure according to the text?
To decrease afterload
Which of the following is NOT a beta-blocker commonly used in the treatment of heart failure?
Isoprenaline
Which of the following is a common side effect/caution of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors mentioned in the text?
Persistent dry cough
Which of the following is a learning outcome mentioned in the text?
To recognise how the use of beta-blockers is of benefit
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
Diuretics
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Warfarin
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients ≤ 55 years according to the text?
Start A, Add C, Add D, Add spironolactone, Then B or alpha-blocker
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients > 55 years according to the text?
Start C, Add A, Add D, Add spironolactone, Then B or alpha-blocker
Which of the following drugs is NOT a part of the four pillars of chronic heart failure treatment according to the text?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atheromatous plaque according to the text?
Inflammation
Which of the following devices is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
Which medication is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Sacubitril-Valsartan
Which medication inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Sacubitril-Valsartan
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Beta Blocker, Calcium Antagonist or Nitrates, Coronary Angioplasty
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Emergency Aspirin, Angioplasty (if near hospital), Thrombolysis (if far away)
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Warfarin/Rivaroxaban/NOACs
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
CT scan
Which medication is used for emergency treatment of stroke?
Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
ACE Inhibitors
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Thrombosis
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Warfarin
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
SGLT2 inhibitor
Which of the following is a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
Sacubitril-Valsartan
Which device is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
Which drug is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Sacubitril-Valsartan
Which drug inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Sacubitril-Valsartan
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Nitrates
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Angioplasty
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Warfarin
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
CT scan
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a systemic condition that affects the cardiovascular system?
Thrombosis
What is the dominant cause of mortality in diabetic patients according to the text?
Cardiovascular complications
What is the main cause of susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders in diabetic patients according to the text?
Oxidative stress
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a multi-organ effect of diabetes mellitus?
Amyloidosis
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Thrombosis
Is hypertension considered a cause, effect, or a combination of cardiovascular damage according to the text?
Combination
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
Vasculitis
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population?
Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following conditions can cause systemic blood pressure to increase in the normally low pressure pulmonary system?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among women who experienced under-nutrition during postnatal periods of development?
Nutrition
Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned as having cardiovascular safety concerns in the text?
Anticancer drugs
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a theme in the text?
Familial hyperlipidaemias
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular damage and accelerated known mechanisms?
Amyloidosis
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a comorbidity in the text?
Familial hyperlipidaemias
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Test your knowledge of vascular diseases with this quiz! Learn about the classification of vascular diseases, the characteristics and complications of atheroma, different types of aneurysms, varicose veins, vasculitis, and vascular tumors. Explore topics such as arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, phlebothrombosis, and thrombophlebitis. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of vascular health.
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