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Questions and Answers
Which type of blood vessels does atherosclerosis primarily affect?
Which type of blood vessels does atherosclerosis primarily affect?
- Arteries (correct)
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Lymphatic vessels
What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis?
What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis?
- Smoking (correct)
- High socioeconomic status
- Physical activity
- High birth weight
What is the main characteristic of an atheromatous plaque?
What is the main characteristic of an atheromatous plaque?
- Red and inflamed
- Patchy and raised (correct)
- Black and necrotic
- Smooth and flat
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
What is the main cause of varicose veins?
What is the main cause of varicose veins?
What are the age-related changes observed in blood vessels?
What are the age-related changes observed in blood vessels?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Which of the following is a complication of atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is a complication of atherosclerosis?
Which type of aneurysm is commonly found in the abdominal aorta?
Which type of aneurysm is commonly found in the abdominal aorta?
What is the most common cause of death in dissecting aortic aneurysms?
What is the most common cause of death in dissecting aortic aneurysms?
Which type of aneurysm is associated with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage?
Which type of aneurysm is associated with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage?
What are the risk factors for varicose veins?
What are the risk factors for varicose veins?
What is the pathogenesis of vasculitis?
What is the pathogenesis of vasculitis?
Which type of vasculitis affects large to small-sized arteries, including the temporal, vertebral, and ophthalmic arteries?
Which type of vasculitis affects large to small-sized arteries, including the temporal, vertebral, and ophthalmic arteries?
Which type of vasculitis affects medium and larger arteries of the upper limbs and the arch of the aorta?
Which type of vasculitis affects medium and larger arteries of the upper limbs and the arch of the aorta?
Which type of heart failure is characterized by reduced ejection fraction?
Which type of heart failure is characterized by reduced ejection fraction?
What is the main aim of treating heart failure?
What is the main aim of treating heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for treating heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for treating heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin in treating heart failure?
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin in treating heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological treatment for heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological treatment for heart failure?
Which of the following approaches can prolong life in heart failure and counteract some of the symptoms?
Which of the following approaches can prolong life in heart failure and counteract some of the symptoms?
Which of the following is a step in the treatment of chronic heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is a step in the treatment of chronic heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)?
Which of the following drugs is NOT an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a reason for using beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is a reason for using beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a beta-blocker commonly used in the treatment of heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a beta-blocker commonly used in the treatment of heart failure?
Which of the following is a common side effect/caution of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a common side effect/caution of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a learning outcome mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a learning outcome mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients ≤ 55 years according to the text?
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients ≤ 55 years according to the text?
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients > 55 years according to the text?
Which of the following is the correct sequence for treating hypertension in patients > 55 years according to the text?
Which of the following drugs is NOT a part of the four pillars of chronic heart failure treatment according to the text?
Which of the following drugs is NOT a part of the four pillars of chronic heart failure treatment according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atheromatous plaque according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atheromatous plaque according to the text?
Which of the following devices is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Which of the following devices is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Which medication is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Which medication is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Which medication inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Which medication inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
Which medication is used for emergency treatment of stroke?
Which medication is used for emergency treatment of stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hypertension according to the text?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used as a loop diuretic?
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for thromboprophylaxis according to the text?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is a drug used for treating diabetes and heart failure according to the text?
Which of the following is a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
Which of the following is a main drug used in chronic heart failure?
Which device is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Which device is used for long QRS patients in chronic heart failure?
Which drug is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Which drug is used to replace ACE inhibitors/ARBs in severe heart failure?
Which drug inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Which drug inhibits Neprilysin and can cause Angioneurotic Oedema in heart failure?
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Which treatment is used to relieve symptoms of chronic angina?
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Which treatment is used for ST elevation on ECG in acute chest pain?
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Which medication is used to prevent emboli in atrial fibrillation?
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
Which imaging technique is used to differentiate cerebral haemorrhage from clot in stroke?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a systemic condition that affects the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a systemic condition that affects the cardiovascular system?
What is the dominant cause of mortality in diabetic patients according to the text?
What is the dominant cause of mortality in diabetic patients according to the text?
What is the main cause of susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders in diabetic patients according to the text?
What is the main cause of susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders in diabetic patients according to the text?
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a multi-organ effect of diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a multi-organ effect of diabetes mellitus?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
What is the term for the formation of blood clots within veins?
Is hypertension considered a cause, effect, or a combination of cardiovascular damage according to the text?
Is hypertension considered a cause, effect, or a combination of cardiovascular damage according to the text?
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
What is the term for inflammation of blood vessels?
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population?
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population?
Which of the following conditions can cause systemic blood pressure to increase in the normally low pressure pulmonary system?
Which of the following conditions can cause systemic blood pressure to increase in the normally low pressure pulmonary system?
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among women who experienced under-nutrition during postnatal periods of development?
Which of the following conditions is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among women who experienced under-nutrition during postnatal periods of development?
Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned as having cardiovascular safety concerns in the text?
Which of the following drugs is NOT mentioned as having cardiovascular safety concerns in the text?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a theme in the text?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a theme in the text?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular damage and accelerated known mechanisms?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular damage and accelerated known mechanisms?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a comorbidity in the text?
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a comorbidity in the text?
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Which of the following conditions is mentioned as a cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
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