Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by palpable purpura and hemorrhagic bullae in dependent areas?
What skin manifestation is specifically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Which condition is noted for causing bruising and induration over the costovertebral angle?
What is a significant cutaneous feature of porphyria cutanea tarda?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by red-brown plaques that may show apple jelly color with dermoscopy?
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Which syndrome is characterized by neurofibromas and café-au-lait spots?
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What type of granulomatous disease includes systemic features such as lymphadenopathy and could be confused with sarcoidosis?
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Which condition is often marked by painful pustules that progress to ulcers with a violaceous border?
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Study Notes
Vascular and Skin Conditions
- Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: Involves small post-capillary venules, often leading to skin manifestations like purpura.
- Pyoderma gangrenosum: Characterized by rapidly progressing painful ulcers with a distinct violaceous border.
Liver and Pancreatic Disorders
- Liver disease: Symptoms may include jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, and caput medusae.
- Pancreatic carcinoma: A malignant growth in the pancreas, often leading to late diagnosis due to vague symptoms.
Infectious Diseases
- Lymphogranuloma venereum: A sexually transmitted infection caused by chlamydia, leading to lymphatic inflammation.
- Meningococcemia: A severe bacterial infection causing sepsis, characterized by purpura and meningitis symptoms.
Medium Vessel Vasculitides
- Polyarteritis nodosa: A systemic illness affecting medium-sized muscular arteries, leading to ischemia and organ damage.
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Characterized by granuloma formation, often affecting the respiratory system and kidneys.
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Involves eosinophilia, asthma, and vasculitis, affecting multiple organs.
- Microscopic polyangiitis: A small-to-medium vessel vasculitis often affecting the kidneys and lungs without granulomas.
Systemic Conditions
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: An autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations, including skin rashes and systemic involvement.
- Sarcoidosis: Characterized by granuloma formation, often affecting lungs and lymphatic tissues, may show skin changes.
Dermatological Manifestations
- Livedo racemosa: A pattern of purpuric nodules and ulcers, indicating vascular compromise.
- Angular or stellate purpuric patches: Progress from papules to extensive lesions, indicating underlying vasculitis or other pathology.
- Neurofibromatoses type 1 (von Recklinghausen syndrome): Characterized by neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots, and freckling in specific areas.
Clinical Signs
- Palpable purpura: Commonly seen in vasculitis, particularly in dependent areas.
- Bruising and induration: Notable over costovertebral angles, may indicate bleeding disorders.
- Photosensitivity: Skin fragility particularly on the dorsal hands, common in porphyria cutanea tarda; associated with scarring.
Specific Lesions and Signs
- Terry nails: Characteristic of chronic illness, particularly liver disease.
- Crowe sign: Arises in neurofibromatosis with freckling in the axillae.
- Panniculitis: Inflammation of subcutaneous fat can present with painful nodules and migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign).
Vascular Skin Findings
- Red-brown annular plaques: Typically seen on the face, especially in conditions like sarcoidosis.
- Malar erythema: Commonly associated with lupus, characterized by a butterfly rash on the cheeks and nose.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various vascular and skin conditions, liver and pancreatic disorders, and infectious diseases. This quiz covers key concepts and symptoms, helping you understand the complexities of these medical topics.
