Various Types of Databases
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What provides a significant advantage of object-oriented databases over other database types?

  • Storing data as objects (correct)
  • Efficiency in hierarchical structures
  • Support for complex relationships
  • Standardisation and query optimisation

    • In what context are graph databases particularly effective?

  • Representing relationships between entities (correct)
  • Hierarchical data storage
  • Storing large flat data sets
  • Relational data management

    • What is a primary limitation of hierarchical databases?

  • Inability to manage relationships
  • Lack of data integrity mechanisms
  • Inflexibility for complex data models (correct)
  • Complex query language required

    • What characterizes network databases compared to hierarchical databases?

    <p>Support for complex relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following databases is ranked highest in popularity as of 2024?

    <p>Oracle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main disadvantage is associated with the physical database design?

    <p>Manual searching through files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common application of graph databases?

    <p>Transaction records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have object-oriented databases not gained widespread adoption?

    <p>Challenges with standardisation and query optimisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using vector databases for machine learning applications?

    <p>They are designed to store high-dimensional data efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is NOT involved in querying a vector database?

    <p>Creating a data redundancy plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of similarity search do vector databases typically use to enhance efficiency?

    <p>Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) algorithms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications would benefit the most from vector databases?

    <p>Image recognition systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a popular vector database developed by Facebook AI Research?

    <p>Faiss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of embedding the query in the context of vector databases?

    <p>To convert the input query into a vector embedding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would vector databases be least effective?

    <p>Storing highly structured transactional records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant feature of the vector database service Pinecone?

    <p>It simplifies the deployment and scaling of similarity searches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of databases over file-based systems regarding data security?

    <p>Centralized management enhances overall data security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the ACID properties in database transactions ensure?

    <p>Operations are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does normalization in a database aim to achieve?

    <p>Eliminate duplicate information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of databases allows for flexible and efficient data retrieval?

    <p>Powerful query language such as SQL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do databases provide scalability for handling large amounts of data?

    <p>Through optimization techniques and indexing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism do databases use to safeguard against data loss?

    <p>Backup and recovery systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are relationships between different entities defined in a database?

    <p>Using foreign keys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of using file systems compared to databases?

    <p>File systems can lead to data redundancy issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary key in a database?

    <p>A candidate key that uniquely identifies rows and never contains nulls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a foreign key?

    <p>An attribute in one table that matches the primary key of another table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good candidate for a primary key?

    <p>It contains multiple null values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a composite key in a database signify?

    <p>A combination of two or more attributes that together uniquely identify rows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by data abstraction in a database approach?

    <p>The separation of the database structure from application programming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a file?

    <p>It stores data as a single table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of file processing systems?

    <p>Efficient data sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of directories in file systems?

    <p>To store files and organize them into sub-folders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes an advantage of file systems?

    <p>They enforce development and maintenance standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following files can be characterized as a flat file?

    <p>A student registration file without relational capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem is primarily associated with data isolation in file processing systems?

    <p>Data is often inaccessible for multiple applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature that DBMS offers over file systems?

    <p>Powerful methods for efficient data retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does file handling design compare to database design?

    <p>File handling design is simpler than database design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a DBMS that a file system does not provide?

    <p>Data consistency and integrity enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of file systems?

    <p>Hierarchical structure for storing files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are DBMS hardware and software costs considered high?

    <p>Due to the advanced features they provide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to databases during power failures according to the content?

    <p>They can lead to system-wide failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between a DBMS and a file system?

    <p>A file system requires complex procedures for management, while a DBMS does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is NOT typically associated with a DBMS?

    <p>Simple file renaming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a DBMS improve upon the limitations of a file system?

    <p>By offering functionalities like data integrity and validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using a DBMS for data storage?

    <p>It provides predictable query response times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Various Types of Databases and Physical Database Design

    • Database types vary according to user needs and corporate structures, reflecting application and data handling requirements.
    • Vendors develop specific database types to optimize performance for particular use cases.
    • Database types consider access patterns, scalability, consistency, and ad hoc requirements.
    • Major database categories include relational, hierarchical, network, and object-oriented systems.

    Relational Databases

    • Relational databases store data in tables with rows (records) and columns (attributes).
    • Each row represents a unique record and each column a specific attribute.
    • Used for most operational data in organizations.
    • Relational databases use relationships between tables using foreign keys to link data from different tables.
    • Structured query language (SQL) is a widely used backend language for managing relational databases.

    SQL

    • SQL enables management of relational database management systems (RDBMS) by programmers, database administrators, and software engineers.
    • SQL is a powerful language used for creating, querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data in tables, including complex operations.

    ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) properties

    • Atomicity ensures that all changes within a transaction are committed or none.
    • Consistency ensures the data stays in a valid state during a transaction.
    • Isolation ensures each transaction runs independently.
    • Durability ensures that committed transactions are permanent, even after system failures.

    Applications of Relational Databases

    • Strong consistency ensures all users see the same data simultaneously.
    • Complex queries allow joining data from multiple tables.
    • ACID compliance guarantees reliable transaction processing for critical applications.

    NoSQL Databases

    • NoSQL databases handle unstructured or semi-structured data flexibly and support scalability and performance.
    • They are used where flexibility and scalability are important and are more adaptable to big data.
    • Unlike relational databases, NoSQL databases do not use SQL. Each type has its own query language or API.

    Applications of NoSQL Databases

    • Big data analytics
    • Real-time applications
    • Content management systems
    • Internet-of-things (IoT)
    • Personalization engines

    Cloud Databases

    • Cloud databases leverage cloud computing for remote server access, eliminating infrastructure investment.
    • Organizations pay only for the resources used on a pay-as-you-go basis, minimizing ongoing maintenance costs.
    • Cloud providers manage servers, storage, and networking.

    Physical Database Design - Traditional

    • Older manual approach where data is kept in files physically (cabinets, folders).
    • Not suitable for large, globally distributed organizations needing real-time access to data.
    • File system structures can have data redundancy, data isolation, and incompatibility.
    • Limited data sharing and security.

    File Systems vs Database Management Systems (DBMS)

    • File systems organize data in files and folders on a storage medium.
    • DBMSs centralize data management, enabling relational links and data integrity.

    Database Terms

    • Superkey: A column or combination of columns uniquely identifying a row.
    • Candidate key: A superkey without redundancies, suitable for identifying rows.
    • Primary key: A candidate key chosen to uniquely identify each row in a relation.
    • Foreign key: An attribute in one table referencing another's primary key, establishing a relationship.
    • Composite key: A primary key composed of two or more columns.

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    Topic 2: Database Types PDF

    Description

    Explore the different types of databases including relational, hierarchical, network, and object-oriented systems. Understand how database types are designed according to user needs and the importance of SQL in managing relational databases. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of physical database design and its applications.

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