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Questions and Answers
Which of the following diseases is caused by enteroviruses?
What is a primary characteristic of hairy leukoplakia?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically treated with antiviral medications?
Which of the following statements about mumps is correct?
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What is the main focus of the recommended readings provided?
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What is the primary concern regarding measles outbreaks in London?
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Which type of lesions is primarily caused by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV 1)?
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What is the expected outcome if MMR vaccination rates do not improve in London?
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Which statement correctly differentiates between HSV 1 and HSV 2?
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What role does the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) play regarding measles outbreaks?
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What is a primary characteristic of infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV?
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What kind of disease is caused by the Paramyxoviridae family?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with the measles infection?
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What is the consequence of contracting mumps after puberty for males?
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What significant complication can arise from measles during pregnancy?
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Which of the following complications is specifically associated with measles?
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Which of the following statements about EBV is true?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
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What is a common symptom of Varicella in children?
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Which virus is primarily responsible for Herpangina?
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Which characteristic is associated with the rash caused by shingles?
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What is the incubation period for Varicella-Zoster?
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What unique presentation can occur with Ramsey Hunt syndrome, a complication of shingles?
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Which statement regarding Hand Foot & Mouth Disease is true?
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What is the mode of transmission for Herpangina?
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What can occur if an adult contracts Varicella?
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At what age range are most people first infected with the Epstein-Barr virus?
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Which of the following is a symptom of Mumps?
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Which of the following is a primary infection associated with herpes?
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What are common triggers that can lead to the activation of secondary herpes symptoms?
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Which of the following methods is NOT commonly recommended to alleviate symptoms when self-managing herpes?
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What is a recommended isolation practice to prevent spreading herpes?
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Which of the following is a component of general management for herpes infections?
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Which method is NOT recommended for good hygiene practices in managing herpes?
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During an outbreak of herpes, what should an individual avoid doing to prevent the spread of the virus?
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What is one of the key components of infection control when managing herpes outbreaks?
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Study Notes
Varicella-Zoster
- Caused by the human herpes virus 3, also known as varicella zoster virus.
- The virus remains dormant in the body after initial infection.
- This virus is commonly referred to as chickenpox or shingles.
- Chickenpox is typically a mild and self-managed illness affecting children.
- Shingles or herpes zoster occurs with reactivation of the virus.
- Shingles commonly affects adults and is usually more serious.
- Chickenpox has a 2-week incubation period.
- Symptoms of chickenpox include fever, rash, papules that become vesicular and itchy but painless.
- Chickenpox rash is different from the rash in shingles.
Shingles
- It is a reactivation of the same virus that causes chickenpox.
- Commonly affects adults.
- The virus is reactivated in the dorsal root ganglia and the trigeminal nerve.
- Symptoms include a painful, vesicular rash, fever, fatigue, chills, and headache.
- Shingles can affect the facial nerve, leading to a condition called Ramsay Hunt Syndrome.
- Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is characterized by vesicular rashes on the tympanic membrane and auditory canal, as well as unilateral facial palsy.
Hand Foot & Mouth Disease
- Caused by group A coxsackie viruses.
- Common symptoms include malaise, fever, and sores in the mouth.
- Spots may also appear on the buttocks and groin.
- It is highly contagious and transmits via air droplets, coughing, fecal contact, and contaminated objects.
- Outbreaks are common in nurseries.
Herpangina
- Caused by the Coxsackie A virus.
- Main feature is the presence of vesicles in the mouth.
- Symptoms include malaise, sore throat, fever.
- Commonly occurs in summer and is frequently self-managed.
- It is transmitted via fecal-oral route or air droplets.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Also known as Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4).
- Most people contract EBV in early childhood without symptoms.
- When teenagers or young adults are infected, it may cause infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever).
- EBV becomes latent in B-lymphocytes, meaning it remains in the body for life.
- Humans are the only known host for EBV.
EBV associated conditions
- Glandular fever (Infectious Mononucleosis).
- Burkitt’s Lymphoma, a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system, primarily in children and adolescents.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a type of cancer developing in the nasopharynx.
- Oral hairy leukoplakia, a condition affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth.
Mumps
- Typically affects children.
- Caused by the Paramyxovirus.
- Characterized by painful swelling of the parotid glands (parotitis).
- Complications after puberty can occur in both males and females.
- 1 in 4 males may experience pain and swelling of the testicles.
- 1 in 20 females may experience swelling of the ovaries.
- 1 in 20 can experience temporary hearing loss.
- 1 in 1000 may develop viral meningitis.
- 1 in 20 may develop acute pancreatitis.
Measles
- Caused by measles morbillivirus.
- Highly contagious, spreading via air droplets and surfaces.
- Enters the body through the respiratory tract.
- Symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, and a characteristic exanthematous rash.
- Koplik’s spots may also be present.
- Measles complications include:
- stillbirth and miscarriage.
- vision loss.
- fatal brain complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (occurs 1 in 25,000).
- seizures.
- encephalitis .
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- There are two types of HSV: HSV 1 and HSV 2.
- HSV 1 typically causes orofacial lesions “above the belt”.
- HSV 2 typically causes genital lesions “below the belt”.
Primary HSV Infection
- Genital Herpes: An initial infection with HSV 2 that can cause painful sores on the genitals and buttocks.
- Herpetic Whitlow: Infection of the fingers, typically caused by HSV 1, that can cause painful blisters.
- Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by HSV, which can be life-threatening.
- Primary Gingivostomatitis: An initial infection with HSV 1 that can cause painful sores in the mouth and on the lips.
- Herpes Labialis (Cold sore): Recurrent HSV 1 infection, commonly seen on the lips but can occur in the mouth.
Secondary HSV Infections
- Triggered by factors like:
- stress.
- trauma.
- sunlight.
- menstruation.
- immunosuppression.
- fatigue.
General Management of HSV
- Recognition: Early identification of symptoms is important.
- Staff protection: Safeguarding personnel and patients from the virus is crucial, especially in healthcare settings.
- Infection control: Implementing measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
- Management of symptoms: Providing treatment to alleviate the symptoms and discomfort.
- Referral: Consultation with a healthcare professional for appropriate medical care and follow-up.
HIV
Further information can be provided in lectures related to sexually transmitted diseases.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of Varicella-Zoster, the virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles. You'll learn about the symptoms, incubation period, and the different effects on children and adults. Test your knowledge on this significant medical topic related to herpes virus 3.
