Variance and Statistical Testing Logic Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of calculating percentiles?

  • To understand the area under the curve
  • To identify the rarest bean color
  • To determine the mean value
  • To find the percent of scores below a given score (correct)

Why is random sampling from a normally distributed population likely to result in a normally distributed sample?

  • Due to a biased selection process
  • Each individual has an equal chance of being selected (correct)
  • No relation exists between population distribution and sample distribution
  • Because of an unequal chance for each person to be picked

What is the significance of z-scores in calculating percentiles?

  • To calculate the mean value of the bean colors
  • To determine the color of the beans
  • To establish the odds of picking each bean color
  • To convert raw scores into a common scale for percentile calculation (correct)

How does the rarity of a bean color change as we move further from the mean?

<p>The rarity increases as we move further from the mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color bean has the highest percentile ranking?

<p>Purple (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows us to calculate percentiles in a distribution?

<p>Knowing the area under the curve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does within subjects variance measure?

<p>How much people within a group differ among themselves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about within group variance?

<p>It reflects naturally occurring individual differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly reported measure of within group variance?

<p>Standard deviation (s.d.) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Between subjects variance refers to the variance between:

<p>Sample means or groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does between subjects variance measure?

<p>Difference between sample means of different groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to convert a z score to a t score?

<p>T = (z x 10) + 50 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In statistical terms, what does between subjects variance NOT refer to?

<p>Difference between any two people in a group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which score has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10?

<p>T score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a T score of 70 indicate?

<p>It is 20 points above the mean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In z scores, what does a mean of 0 indicate?

<p>The score is exactly at the mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are T scores easier to explain compared to z scores?

<p>Because T scores represent points above or below the mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can we use multiple z scores on psychologically meaningful measures from the same person?

<p>By looking at how each z score deviates from its respective mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is actually true but is rejected?

<p>Type I Error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a type II error occur?

<p>The null hypothesis is true and not rejected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does statistical significance indicate about group differences?

<p>Differences are not due to chance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error occurs when a statistically significant finding has little practical importance?

<p>Type I Error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for discrepancies between statistical and practical significance?

<p>Sample size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistic can quantify the practical significance of a finding?

<p>$\eta$ statistic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient 'r' commonly used for?

<p>To measure the relationship between two sets of observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a z score help determine in psychometric tests?

<p>The number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can inferential statistics never prove that observed differences are not due to chance?

<p>Because statistical tests estimate the odds that results are not due to chance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key limitations mentioned regarding statistical tests like the t-test and correlation coefficient?

<p>They can't fully eliminate the possibility of chance influencing results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is common between naturally occurring phenomena like IQ and heights, and statistical test results like 'r' correlation coefficient?

<p>They follow a bell-shaped curve distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to providing stronger support for the validity of a study?

<p>Conducting multiple replications of the study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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