Van Helmont's Clinical Trial

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What did Archie Cochrane's book 'Effectiveness and Efficiency' highlight in 1972?

The need for evidence-based guidelines and policies

The role of epidemiology in physician decision making

The importance of clinical trials in medical practice

The lack of controlled trials supporting many practices (correct)

Who began to document variations in physician practices in 1973?

John Wennberg (correct)

Alvin Feinstein

David M. Eddy

David Sackett

What did David M. Eddy describe in the 1980s?

The role of experts in medical decision making

Errors in clinical reasoning and gaps in evidence (correct)

The importance of epidemiology in medicine

The need for clinical practice guidelines

Who published textbooks on clinical epidemiology in the mid-1980s?

Alvin Feinstein and David Sackett Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Van Helmont's proposed experiment?

To compare the effectiveness of different treatments for fever and pleuritis Signup and view all the answers

What did a group at RAND show in the late 1980s?

Large proportions of procedures performed by physicians were considered inappropriate Signup and view all the answers

In what year did David M. Eddy first publish the term 'evidence-based' in an article?

March, 1990 Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of James Lind's experiment on scurvy?

The group treated with lemons or oranges showed significant improvement Signup and view all the answers

When was the first critique of statistical methods in medicine published?

1835 Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the term 'Evidence-based medicine' in 1990?

Gordon Guyatt Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Alvan Feinstein's publication 'Clinical Judgment' in 1967?

The role of clinical reasoning in medical decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Where was James Lind conducting his research on scurvy when he divided the sailors into six groups?

Aboard HMS Salisbury in the Channel Fleet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using a clinical score in the given scenario?

To measure the effectiveness of corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intervention being considered for the 4-month-old baby with viral bronchiolitis?

Corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome being measured in addition to the clinical score?

Length of hospital stay Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of using traditional sources of information, such as textbooks and journals?

They are too disorganized or out of date Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using secondary sources of reliable summarized evidence?

They provide quick evidence-based answers to specific clinical questions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of formulating a clinical question in Evidence-Based Medicine?

To seek relevant evidence to answer the question Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in effective searching of electronic databases for EBM?

Converting the clinical problem into a clear answerable question Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of effective searching in EBM?

To maximize the potential of retrieving relevant articles within the shortest possible time Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for health care professionals to undergo training in search skills?

Because many people are not familiar with the process of carrying out efficient searches Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal format for framing a clinical question in EBM?

PICO/PIO format Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle in generating keywords for search in EBM?

Generating keywords based on the clinical question Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of converting a clinical problem into a clear answerable question?

Improving the quality of search results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating performance in EBM?

To refine the approach to the four steps of EBM at regular intervals Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals consider when applying evidence to their patients?

Both the patient's values and circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fully discussing the evidence with the patient or parents?

A therapeutic alliance with the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to discuss with the patient or parents when applying evidence?

Both the treatment's efficacy and risks Signup and view all the answers

What is required to decide whether to apply evidence to an individual patient or population?

The patient's personal values and circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What is the integration of good evidence with in EBM?

Clinical expertise, patient values, and costs Signup and view all the answers