30 Questions
What did Archie Cochrane's book 'Effectiveness and Efficiency' highlight in 1972?
The lack of controlled trials supporting many practices
Who began to document variations in physician practices in 1973?
John Wennberg
What did David M. Eddy describe in the 1980s?
Errors in clinical reasoning and gaps in evidence
Who published textbooks on clinical epidemiology in the mid-1980s?
Alvin Feinstein and David Sackett
What was the purpose of Van Helmont's proposed experiment?
To compare the effectiveness of different treatments for fever and pleuritis
What did a group at RAND show in the late 1980s?
Large proportions of procedures performed by physicians were considered inappropriate
In what year did David M. Eddy first publish the term 'evidence-based' in an article?
March, 1990
What was the outcome of James Lind's experiment on scurvy?
The group treated with lemons or oranges showed significant improvement
When was the first critique of statistical methods in medicine published?
1835
Who introduced the term 'Evidence-based medicine' in 1990?
Gordon Guyatt
What was the focus of Alvan Feinstein's publication 'Clinical Judgment' in 1967?
The role of clinical reasoning in medical decision-making
Where was James Lind conducting his research on scurvy when he divided the sailors into six groups?
Aboard HMS Salisbury in the Channel Fleet
What is the primary goal of using a clinical score in the given scenario?
To measure the effectiveness of corticosteroids
What is the primary intervention being considered for the 4-month-old baby with viral bronchiolitis?
Corticosteroids
What is the primary outcome being measured in addition to the clinical score?
Length of hospital stay
What is the limitation of using traditional sources of information, such as textbooks and journals?
They are too disorganized or out of date
What is the advantage of using secondary sources of reliable summarized evidence?
They provide quick evidence-based answers to specific clinical questions
What is the primary purpose of formulating a clinical question in Evidence-Based Medicine?
To seek relevant evidence to answer the question
What is a key factor in effective searching of electronic databases for EBM?
Converting the clinical problem into a clear answerable question
What is the primary goal of effective searching in EBM?
To maximize the potential of retrieving relevant articles within the shortest possible time
Why is it important for health care professionals to undergo training in search skills?
Because many people are not familiar with the process of carrying out efficient searches
What is the ideal format for framing a clinical question in EBM?
PICO/PIO format
What is a key principle in generating keywords for search in EBM?
Generating keywords based on the clinical question
What is the primary benefit of converting a clinical problem into a clear answerable question?
Improving the quality of search results
What is the purpose of evaluating performance in EBM?
To refine the approach to the four steps of EBM at regular intervals
What should healthcare professionals consider when applying evidence to their patients?
Both the patient's values and circumstances
What is the result of fully discussing the evidence with the patient or parents?
A therapeutic alliance with the patient
What is essential to discuss with the patient or parents when applying evidence?
Both the treatment's efficacy and risks
What is required to decide whether to apply evidence to an individual patient or population?
The patient's personal values and circumstances
What is the integration of good evidence with in EBM?
Clinical expertise, patient values, and costs
A groundbreaking clinical trial proposed by Van Helmont, dividing patients into two groups to test the efficacy of treatments with and without blood-letting and sensible evacuation. This is considered one of the first reported controlled clinical trials in medical history.
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