Van Helmont's Clinical Trial
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Questions and Answers

What did Archie Cochrane's book 'Effectiveness and Efficiency' highlight in 1972?

  • The need for evidence-based guidelines and policies
  • The role of epidemiology in physician decision making
  • The importance of clinical trials in medical practice
  • The lack of controlled trials supporting many practices (correct)

    • Who began to document variations in physician practices in 1973?

  • John Wennberg (correct)
  • Alvin Feinstein
  • David M. Eddy
  • David Sackett

    • What did David M. Eddy describe in the 1980s?

  • The role of experts in medical decision making
  • Errors in clinical reasoning and gaps in evidence (correct)
  • The importance of epidemiology in medicine
  • The need for clinical practice guidelines

    • Who published textbooks on clinical epidemiology in the mid-1980s?

    <p>Alvin Feinstein and David Sackett</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Van Helmont's proposed experiment?

    <p>To compare the effectiveness of different treatments for fever and pleuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a group at RAND show in the late 1980s?

    <p>Large proportions of procedures performed by physicians were considered inappropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did David M. Eddy first publish the term 'evidence-based' in an article?

    <p>March, 1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of James Lind's experiment on scurvy?

    <p>The group treated with lemons or oranges showed significant improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the first critique of statistical methods in medicine published?

    <p>1835</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the term 'Evidence-based medicine' in 1990?

    <p>Gordon Guyatt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of Alvan Feinstein's publication 'Clinical Judgment' in 1967?

    <p>The role of clinical reasoning in medical decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was James Lind conducting his research on scurvy when he divided the sailors into six groups?

    <p>Aboard HMS Salisbury in the Channel Fleet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using a clinical score in the given scenario?

    <p>To measure the effectiveness of corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention being considered for the 4-month-old baby with viral bronchiolitis?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome being measured in addition to the clinical score?

    <p>Length of hospital stay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using traditional sources of information, such as textbooks and journals?

    <p>They are too disorganized or out of date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using secondary sources of reliable summarized evidence?

    <p>They provide quick evidence-based answers to specific clinical questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of formulating a clinical question in Evidence-Based Medicine?

    <p>To seek relevant evidence to answer the question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in effective searching of electronic databases for EBM?

    <p>Converting the clinical problem into a clear answerable question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of effective searching in EBM?

    <p>To maximize the potential of retrieving relevant articles within the shortest possible time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for health care professionals to undergo training in search skills?

    <p>Because many people are not familiar with the process of carrying out efficient searches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal format for framing a clinical question in EBM?

    <p>PICO/PIO format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle in generating keywords for search in EBM?

    <p>Generating keywords based on the clinical question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of converting a clinical problem into a clear answerable question?

    <p>Improving the quality of search results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating performance in EBM?

    <p>To refine the approach to the four steps of EBM at regular intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should healthcare professionals consider when applying evidence to their patients?

    <p>Both the patient's values and circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fully discussing the evidence with the patient or parents?

    <p>A therapeutic alliance with the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to discuss with the patient or parents when applying evidence?

    <p>Both the treatment's efficacy and risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to decide whether to apply evidence to an individual patient or population?

    <p>The patient's personal values and circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the integration of good evidence with in EBM?

    <p>Clinical expertise, patient values, and costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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