Valvular Heart Disease

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What is the natural history of valvular heart disease important for determining?

The choice between vasodilators and vasoconstrictors

The dosage of inotropes used

The type of surgical intervention required

The timing of intervention (correct)

What does an acute increase in volume, like in acute aortic insufficiency, lead to?

Decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)

Decreased left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP)

Increased ventricular compliance

Impaired ventricular relaxation (correct)

Which indices are relatively insensitive to loading conditions, making them a poor reflection of basal contractility?

Ejection Phase Indices

Preload Reserve Indices

Isovolumetric Indices (Vmax, dP/dT) (correct)

End Systolic Pressure Volume Relationship (ESPVR)

What does chronic pressure overload lead to in terms of ventricular compliance?

Inverse linear relationship with hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which measure provides a more precise estimate of contractility and is independent of preload?

End Systolic Pressure Volume Relationship (ESPVR) Signup and view all the answers

What does contractility refer to in the context of valvular heart disease?

The ability to generate force at a given preload Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?

Controlling ventricular rate Signup and view all the answers

All procedures are recommended for mild mitral stenosis with few or no symptoms, EXCEPT?

Atrial fibrillation ablation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of mitral valve prolapse according to the text?

Rheumatic disease Signup and view all the answers

What 2 factors are reduced in patients with decreased preload reserve due to mitral stenosis?

Stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of the population does mitral valve prolapse affect?

1-2.5% Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided during the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis to minimize risks?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Mitral valve prolapse is more common in young men than in young women.

False Signup and view all the answers

Patients with mild mitral stenosis and no symptoms should undergo immediate surgical intervention.

False Signup and view all the answers

In the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis, tachycardia should be avoided as it can help improve LV function.

False Signup and view all the answers

Mitral stenosis leads to an increase in preload reserve, contributing to higher stroke volume.

False Signup and view all the answers

Mitral stenosis leads to a decrease in preload reserve and a reduction in ______

stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

Atrial fibrillation and LA distention increase the risk of ______ events

thromboembolic Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication that approximately 1/3 of patients with severe mitral valve disease develop?

Atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is NOT recommended for patients with mild mitral stenosis and few or no symptoms?

Immediate surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding sedation in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?

Avoiding tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible etiology associated with mitral valve prolapse according to the text?

Thyrotoxicosis Signup and view all the answers

In the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis, which type of induction is generally acceptable except for one specific agent?

Ketamine induction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding the natural history of valvular heart disease?

To determine the timing of surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

How does mitral stenosis affect preload reserve and stroke volume?

Decreases preload reserve and stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

In patients with chronic pressure overload, what relationship is observed between hypertrophy and compliance?

Inverse linear relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of cardiac function indices are unreliable in most valvular diseases?

Ejection phase indices Signup and view all the answers

What does contractility refer to in the context of valvular heart disease?

Ability to generate force at a given preload Signup and view all the answers

Which measure provides a more precise estimate of contractility and is independent of preload?

End systolic pressure volume relationship Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an acute increase in volume, such as in acute aortic insufficiency, have on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)?

Increases LVEDP remarkably Signup and view all the answers

Valvular Heart Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is the natural history of valvular heart disease important for determining?

What does an acute increase in volume, like in acute aortic insufficiency, lead to?

Which indices are relatively insensitive to loading conditions, making them a poor reflection of basal contractility?

What does chronic pressure overload lead to in terms of ventricular compliance?

Which measure provides a more precise estimate of contractility and is independent of preload?

What does contractility refer to in the context of valvular heart disease?

What is a primary goal in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?

All procedures are recommended for mild mitral stenosis with few or no symptoms, EXCEPT?

What is a potential cause of mitral valve prolapse according to the text?

What 2 factors are reduced in patients with decreased preload reserve due to mitral stenosis?

Approximately what percentage of the population does mitral valve prolapse affect?

What should be avoided during the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis to minimize risks?

Mitral valve prolapse is more common in young men than in young women.

Patients with mild mitral stenosis and no symptoms should undergo immediate surgical intervention.

In the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis, tachycardia should be avoided as it can help improve LV function.

Mitral stenosis leads to an increase in preload reserve, contributing to higher stroke volume.

Mitral stenosis leads to a decrease in preload reserve and a reduction in ______

Atrial fibrillation and LA distention increase the risk of ______ events

What is a common complication that approximately 1/3 of patients with severe mitral valve disease develop?

Which procedure is NOT recommended for patients with mild mitral stenosis and few or no symptoms?

What is the primary concern regarding sedation in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?

What is a possible etiology associated with mitral valve prolapse according to the text?

In the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis, which type of induction is generally acceptable except for one specific agent?

What is the purpose of understanding the natural history of valvular heart disease?

How does mitral stenosis affect preload reserve and stroke volume?

In patients with chronic pressure overload, what relationship is observed between hypertrophy and compliance?

Which phase of cardiac function indices are unreliable in most valvular diseases?

What does contractility refer to in the context of valvular heart disease?

Which measure provides a more precise estimate of contractility and is independent of preload?

What effect does an acute increase in volume, such as in acute aortic insufficiency, have on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)?

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