Valvular Heart Disease in Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of tricuspid valve insufficiency?

  • Rheumatic disease
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cardiac catheterization (correct)
  • Carcinoid syndrome

What is the typical consequence of dilation of the right ventricle?

  • Inflammation of the tricuspid valve
  • Stenosis of the tricuspid valve
  • Enlargement of the left atrium
  • Displacement of the papillary muscles (correct)

What is the normal aortic valve area?

  • 3-4 cm2 (correct)
  • 1-2 cm2
  • 4-5 cm2
  • 2-3 cm2

What is a common condition that can lead to tricuspid insufficiency?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tricuspid valve stenosis without co-occurrent regurgitation?

<p>Rheumatic disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do symptoms of aortic stenosis occur?

<p>When valve area is 1/4th of normal area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is valvular heart disease?

<p>A type of cardiovascular disease affecting the valves of the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart valves?

<p>To regulate blood flow through the heart and great vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stenosis?

<p>A narrowing of the valvular orifice that prevents adequate outflow of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of stenosis?

<p>Insufficiency of the valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the valve to prevent backflow of blood?

<p>Insufficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the joining of the leaflets of the valve?

<p>Coaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Mitral Stenosis in most cases?

<p>Rheumatic heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive treatment for Aortic Stenosis?

<p>Surgical Replacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what mitral valve area do symptoms begin to occur?

<p>Less than 2 cm2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Mitral Stenosis?

<p>Progressive dyspnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Mitral Stenosis?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal mitral valve area?

<p>4-6 cm2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients under 70 have a congenital cause of aortic stenosis?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to left ventricular function when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted?

<p>It declines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical finding in aortic stenosis?

<p>Slow rising carotid pulse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most valuable test for diagnosing and quantifying aortic stenosis?

<p>Echocardiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cardiac catheterization used in aortic stenosis?

<p>When symptom severity and echo severity don't match (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the systolic ejection murmur in aortic stenosis?

<p>It is crescendo-decrescendo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Aortic Regurgitation?

<p>Leakage of blood into LV during diastole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive physical finding in Aortic Regurgitation?

<p>Wide pulse pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory mechanism in Aortic Regurgitation that can lead to heart failure?

<p>LV dilation and LVH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornerstone for decision making and follow-up evaluation in Aortic Regurgitation?

<p>ECHO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of Aortic Regurgitation in symptomatic or hypertensive patients?

<p>Vasodilators and Nifedipine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of serial echocardiograms in Aortic Regurgitation?

<p>To monitor progression of the disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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