Valvular Heart Disease in Medicine

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What is a common cause of tricuspid valve insufficiency?

Rheumatic disease

Hypothyroidism

Cardiac catheterization (correct)

Carcinoid syndrome

What is the typical consequence of dilation of the right ventricle?

Inflammation of the tricuspid valve

Stenosis of the tricuspid valve

Enlargement of the left atrium

Displacement of the papillary muscles (correct)

What is the normal aortic valve area?

3-4 cm2 (correct)

1-2 cm2

4-5 cm2

2-3 cm2

What is a common condition that can lead to tricuspid insufficiency?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tricuspid valve stenosis without co-occurrent regurgitation?

Rheumatic disease Signup and view all the answers

When do symptoms of aortic stenosis occur?

When valve area is 1/4th of normal area Signup and view all the answers

What is valvular heart disease?

A type of cardiovascular disease affecting the valves of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart valves?

To regulate blood flow through the heart and great vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is stenosis?

A narrowing of the valvular orifice that prevents adequate outflow of blood Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of stenosis?

Insufficiency of the valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the valve to prevent backflow of blood?

Insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the joining of the leaflets of the valve?

Coaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Mitral Stenosis in most cases?

Rheumatic heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive treatment for Aortic Stenosis?

Surgical Replacement Signup and view all the answers

At what mitral valve area do symptoms begin to occur?

Less than 2 cm2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Mitral Stenosis?

Progressive dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Mitral Stenosis?

Atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal mitral valve area?

4-6 cm2 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients under 70 have a congenital cause of aortic stenosis?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What happens to left ventricular function when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted?

It declines Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical finding in aortic stenosis?

Slow rising carotid pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the most valuable test for diagnosing and quantifying aortic stenosis?

Echocardiography Signup and view all the answers

Why is cardiac catheterization used in aortic stenosis?

When symptom severity and echo severity don't match Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the systolic ejection murmur in aortic stenosis?

It is crescendo-decrescendo Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Aortic Regurgitation?

Leakage of blood into LV during diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive physical finding in Aortic Regurgitation?

Wide pulse pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory mechanism in Aortic Regurgitation that can lead to heart failure?

LV dilation and LVH Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornerstone for decision making and follow-up evaluation in Aortic Regurgitation?

ECHO Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of Aortic Regurgitation in symptomatic or hypertensive patients?

Vasodilators and Nifedipine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of serial echocardiograms in Aortic Regurgitation?

To monitor progression of the disease Signup and view all the answers