30 Questions
What is a common cause of tricuspid valve insufficiency?
Cardiac catheterization
What is the typical consequence of dilation of the right ventricle?
Displacement of the papillary muscles
What is the normal aortic valve area?
3-4 cm2
What is a common condition that can lead to tricuspid insufficiency?
All of the above
What is the result of tricuspid valve stenosis without co-occurrent regurgitation?
Rheumatic disease
When do symptoms of aortic stenosis occur?
When valve area is 1/4th of normal area
What is valvular heart disease?
A type of cardiovascular disease affecting the valves of the heart
What is the function of the heart valves?
To regulate blood flow through the heart and great vessels
What is stenosis?
A narrowing of the valvular orifice that prevents adequate outflow of blood
What can be a consequence of stenosis?
Insufficiency of the valve
What is the term for the inability of the valve to prevent backflow of blood?
Insufficiency
What is the term for the joining of the leaflets of the valve?
Coaptation
What is the primary cause of Mitral Stenosis in most cases?
Rheumatic heart disease
What is the definitive treatment for Aortic Stenosis?
Surgical Replacement
At what mitral valve area do symptoms begin to occur?
Less than 2 cm2
What is a common symptom of Mitral Stenosis?
Progressive dyspnea
What is a complication of Mitral Stenosis?
Atrial fibrillation
What is the normal mitral valve area?
4-6 cm2
What percentage of patients under 70 have a congenital cause of aortic stenosis?
50%
What happens to left ventricular function when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted?
It declines
What is a common physical finding in aortic stenosis?
Slow rising carotid pulse
What is the most valuable test for diagnosing and quantifying aortic stenosis?
Echocardiography
Why is cardiac catheterization used in aortic stenosis?
When symptom severity and echo severity don't match
What is the characteristic of the systolic ejection murmur in aortic stenosis?
It is crescendo-decrescendo
What is the definition of Aortic Regurgitation?
Leakage of blood into LV during diastole
What is the most sensitive physical finding in Aortic Regurgitation?
Wide pulse pressure
What is the compensatory mechanism in Aortic Regurgitation that can lead to heart failure?
LV dilation and LVH
What is the cornerstone for decision making and follow-up evaluation in Aortic Regurgitation?
ECHO
What is the management of Aortic Regurgitation in symptomatic or hypertensive patients?
Vasodilators and Nifedipine
What is the purpose of serial echocardiograms in Aortic Regurgitation?
To monitor progression of the disease
Test your knowledge of valvular heart disease, including its causes, symptoms, and effects on the heart valves. Learn about the different types of valvular heart disease and their implications. This quiz is based on a medicine lecture on valvular heart disease.
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