Validity in Testing Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is validity in measurement and assessment?

Validity refers to the degree to which an assessment instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

Which of the following is an example of content validity?

  • Measuring intelligence through an IQ test only
  • Evaluating a test by checking if it covers representative content (correct)
  • Using a tape measure to assess intelligence
  • Assessing reading skills through math questions

Content validity yields numerical indices.

False (B)

What role do judges play in establishing content validity?

<p>Judges evaluate the test items against a definition of what is being measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one technique in content validation.

<p>Consultation with subject-matter experts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does criterion validity compare?

<p>Scores on a test with scores on another established test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concurrent validity?

<p>Concurrent validity is the degree to which scores on a test correlate with scores on another valid test administered at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of criterion validity?

<p>Face validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a validity coefficient?

<p>A validity coefficient quantifies the strength of the relationship between the test score and the criterion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Content Validity

Assesses if the test's content accurately represents the domain of knowledge it intends to measure.

Content Validity - Procedure

Judges review the test's content to determine if it adequately covers the defined domain, checking for missing or irrelevant questions, and adjusting the test as needed.

Criterion Validity

Measures how well a test correlates with an external criterion known to measure the same construct.

Concurrent Validity

Correlation between a new test and an established one, administered at the same time.

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External Criterion

Existing, validated measure used to evaluate the validity of a new test.

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Validity Coefficient

Numerical measure of the correlation between a test and an external criterion.

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Test Specifications

Detailed outline of the test's content and format, outlining the knowledge and skills to be assessed.

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Subject-matter Experts

Individuals who possess deep knowledge in the subject area being assessed.

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Face Validity

Subjective assessment of how well a test appears to measure the intended construct.

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Academic Achievement

Measurement of student learning. e.g., GPA or test scores

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Study Notes

Validity

  • Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure. It must be considered in relation to the test's specific purpose.
  • Validity also includes the appropriateness, meaningfulness, correctness, and usefulness of inferences drawn from the test results.
  • Example: An IQ test isn't valid if it measures something other than intelligence, such as test-taking ability. A tape measure wouldn't be valid as a tool for measuring intelligence.

Content Validity

  • This examines if the test's content represents a representative sample of the behavior it intends to measure.
  • It analyzes the relevant aspects to ensure major topics are included proportionally in the test items.
  • It focuses on the content and format of a test – is the content appropriate? Is the content comprehensive? Does the test item sample adequately cover the subject?

Procedure for Establishing Content Validity

  • Define the area/concept being measured.
  • Present this definition & the test along with a sample group description to multiple judges.
  • Judges check test items and mark ones not accurately measuring the definition/concept
  • Judges evaluate and rewrite any inadequate test items.
  • This process repeats until the judges approve of the items/questions representing a sufficient sampling of the defined area/concept.

Questions to consider for Content Validity

  • Does the test represent a variety of relevant knowledge and skills?
  • Is test performance free of influence from irrelevant sources?

Test Specifications (Test Design)

  • Lists content areas/topics & learning objectives to be tested.
  • Includes the required number of items for each topic.

Consultation with Subject Matter Experts

  • Obtaining knowledge and skills from topic experts.
  • Records consultation dates and details.

Grade Progress of Scores

  • Checking total & individual item scores for progression.

Face Validity

  • Test appears to measure what it intends – superficially valid.
  • Items should be relevant and plausible in use.

Criterion Validity

  • Determining whether test scores align with established/criterion measures.
  • Comparing current test scores with future performance results/criteria.
  • Correlation between test scores & other valid/reliable measures ( e.g., academic grades, job performance).

Types of Criterion Validity

  • Concurrent Validity: Measures closely align with pre-existing tests or measures at roughly the same time. For example, a new test of intelligence that highly correlates with a well-established intelligence test has concurrent validity.
  • Predictive Validity: Measures predict future performance or behavior. For instance, a test predicts future academic performance based on current scores.

Procedure for Criterion Validity

  • Administer new test.
  • Administer another well-established/valid test.
  • Calculate correlation (Pearson r) between scores.
  • High correlation indicates high validity.

Academic Criterion Measures

  • Grade point average (GPA)
  • Standardized test scores
  • Special honors & awards

Construct Validity

  • Measures whether a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute.
  • How well test results fit with established theories
  • Does the test cover a wide scope of the target areas?

Two Types of Construct Validity

  • Convergent validity: Test scores correlate with other measures designed for similar concepts.
  • Discriminant/divergent validity: Test results do not correlate with measures of different concepts.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of validity in testing, including its definition, significance, and the specific aspect of content validity. You will learn about the procedures for establishing content validity and how it affects the appropriateness of test inferences. Test your understanding of these key concepts in assessment.

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