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Questions and Answers
What is validity in measurement and assessment?
What is validity in measurement and assessment?
Validity refers to the degree to which an assessment instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
Which of the following is an example of content validity?
Which of the following is an example of content validity?
Content validity yields numerical indices.
Content validity yields numerical indices.
False
What role do judges play in establishing content validity?
What role do judges play in establishing content validity?
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List one technique in content validation.
List one technique in content validation.
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What does criterion validity compare?
What does criterion validity compare?
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What is concurrent validity?
What is concurrent validity?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of criterion validity?
Which of the following is NOT a type of criterion validity?
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What is the role of a validity coefficient?
What is the role of a validity coefficient?
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Study Notes
Validity
- Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure. It must be considered in relation to the test's specific purpose.
- Validity also includes the appropriateness, meaningfulness, correctness, and usefulness of inferences drawn from the test results.
- Example: An IQ test isn't valid if it measures something other than intelligence, such as test-taking ability. A tape measure wouldn't be valid as a tool for measuring intelligence.
Content Validity
- This examines if the test's content represents a representative sample of the behavior it intends to measure.
- It analyzes the relevant aspects to ensure major topics are included proportionally in the test items.
- It focuses on the content and format of a test – is the content appropriate? Is the content comprehensive? Does the test item sample adequately cover the subject?
Procedure for Establishing Content Validity
- Define the area/concept being measured.
- Present this definition & the test along with a sample group description to multiple judges.
- Judges check test items and mark ones not accurately measuring the definition/concept
- Judges evaluate and rewrite any inadequate test items.
- This process repeats until the judges approve of the items/questions representing a sufficient sampling of the defined area/concept.
Questions to consider for Content Validity
- Does the test represent a variety of relevant knowledge and skills?
- Is test performance free of influence from irrelevant sources?
Test Specifications (Test Design)
- Lists content areas/topics & learning objectives to be tested.
- Includes the required number of items for each topic.
Consultation with Subject Matter Experts
- Obtaining knowledge and skills from topic experts.
- Records consultation dates and details.
Grade Progress of Scores
- Checking total & individual item scores for progression.
Face Validity
- Test appears to measure what it intends – superficially valid.
- Items should be relevant and plausible in use.
Criterion Validity
- Determining whether test scores align with established/criterion measures.
- Comparing current test scores with future performance results/criteria.
- Correlation between test scores & other valid/reliable measures ( e.g., academic grades, job performance).
Types of Criterion Validity
- Concurrent Validity: Measures closely align with pre-existing tests or measures at roughly the same time. For example, a new test of intelligence that highly correlates with a well-established intelligence test has concurrent validity.
- Predictive Validity: Measures predict future performance or behavior. For instance, a test predicts future academic performance based on current scores.
Procedure for Criterion Validity
- Administer new test.
- Administer another well-established/valid test.
- Calculate correlation (Pearson r) between scores.
- High correlation indicates high validity.
Academic Criterion Measures
- Grade point average (GPA)
- Standardized test scores
- Special honors & awards
Construct Validity
- Measures whether a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute.
- How well test results fit with established theories
- Does the test cover a wide scope of the target areas?
Two Types of Construct Validity
- Convergent validity: Test scores correlate with other measures designed for similar concepts.
- Discriminant/divergent validity: Test results do not correlate with measures of different concepts.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of validity in testing, including its definition, significance, and the specific aspect of content validity. You will learn about the procedures for establishing content validity and how it affects the appropriateness of test inferences. Test your understanding of these key concepts in assessment.
