Valence Bond Theory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the bond order for a carbon-carbon double bond?

  • 3
  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 2 (correct)

    • Which molecular geometry corresponds to a central atom with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

  • Bent
  • Trigonal pyramidal
  • Trigonal planar
  • Tetrahedral (correct)

    • What is the hybridization and geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

  • sp3, Tetrahedral
  • sp3d, Trigonal pyramidal
  • sp2, Trigonal planar (correct)
  • sp, Linear

    • Which of the following statements about diamagnetic substances is true?

    <p>They are repelled by magnetic fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a diatomic molecule with bond order 1, which of the following is a plausible structure?

    <p>Single bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In molecular orbital theory, which of the following correctly describes the order of energies for the 1s orbitals?

    <p>1s &lt; *1s &lt; 2s &lt; *2s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair around the central atom exhibit?

    <p>Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridization is associated with a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?

    <p>sp3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hybridization corresponds to a molecule that is linear in shape?

    <p>sp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is characterized by lateral overlap of p orbitals?

    <p>Pi bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is expected to have the maximum dipole moment?

    <p>HF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of O-O bond lengths from longest to shortest?

    <p>O2 &gt; O3 &gt; H2O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correctly describes the order of C-H, C-O, C-C, and C=C bond lengths from shortest to longest?

    <p>C-C &lt; C=C &lt; C-O &lt; C-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fajans’ Rule, which factor does NOT increase covalent character in an ionic bond?

    <p>Larger cation size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond formation is characterized as intramolecular?

    <p>Covalent bond in methane (CH4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the trend in bond lengths?

    <p>C-H &lt; C=C &lt; C-O &lt; C-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs shows a correct relationship in bond lengths?

    <p>O3 &gt; H2O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond characteristics involve the formation between hydrogen and the most electronegative elements?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule has the maximum bond enthalpy?

    <p>HF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of bond lengths for the diatomic halogens?

    <p>F2 &lt; Cl2 &lt; Br2 &lt; I2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these molecules has the same surrounding atoms?

    <p>CH4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding bond order (B.O.) is correct?

    <p>B.O. of O2 is greater than O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arranging the compounds NH3, PH3, AsH3, and SbH3 in order of decreasing bond angle, which is correct?

    <p>NH3 &gt; PH3 &gt; AsH3 &gt; SbH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule has the lowest bond energy?

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct order of increasing bond angle in the following compounds is:

    <p>H2O &lt; CH4 &lt; NF3 &lt; BF3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lone pairs in molecules is true?

    <p>Lone pairs decrease bond angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond has the highest bond order?

    <p>N2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hybridization has the greatest bond energy?

    <p>sp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to a molecule being nonpolar?

    <p>Symmetrical geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which molecular configuration does bond length increase?

    <p>C2H6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule would have the highest dipole moment?

    <p>HF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What order describes the hybridization types based on bond angle?

    <p>sp &gt; sp2 &gt; sp3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would the bond length decrease?

    <p>Transition from a single to double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order reflects the bond energy of diatomic molecules correctly?

    <p>N2 &gt; O2 &gt; F2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond length and the number of bonds?

    <p>As bond multiplicity increases, bond length decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Valence Bond Theory

    • Bond Order (B.O.) determined by the formula: B.O. = (no. of bonding electrons - no. of antibonding electrons) / 2.
    • Hybridization types:
      • sp: linear, 180°
      • sp²: trigonal planar, 120°
      • sp³: tetrahedral, 109°28'
    • Bond order example: C-C has a bond order of 1; C=C has a bond order of 2;
    • Paramagnetic and diamagnetic classification based on unpaired electrons.

    Molecular Orbital Theory

    • Molecular orbital energy ordering up to nitrogen: 1s < *1s < 2s < *2s.
    • For diatomic molecules, energy ordering impacts bond length and strength.
    • For example, N₂ > O₂ > F₂ in terms of bond strength due to increasing electronegativity.

    Bond Characteristics

    • Bond angles decrease from sp > sp² > sp³ due to lone pair presence; e.g., H₂O vs. NH₃ vs. CH₄.
    • Bond lengths generally decrease with increasing bond order: C-C < C=C < C-O < C-H.
    • Bond enthalpy affects stability; stronger bonds have higher enthalpy.

    Dipole Moments

    • Dipole moments reflect polarity; molecules like NF₃ have different dipole moments compared to NH₃ due to molecular geometry.
    • Ordering of dipole moments: H₂O > NH₃ > CH₄ > CO₂ due to electronegativity and asymmetry.

    Resonance and Structure

    • Resonance hybridization can change bond orders; e.g. benzene has resonance contributing to its stability.
    • Bond length and characteristics are influenced by the presence of lone pairs and the geometry of surrounding atoms.

    Fajan's Rule

    • Indicates the covalent character in ionic bonds, affected by the size of the cation; smaller cations lead to higher polarization and covalent character.

    Hydrogen Bonding

    • Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like F, O, and N, strengthening intermolecular interactions.

    Order of Properties

    • Increasing dipole moment and bond length relationships among various molecular species establish a framework for comparing molecular characteristics.
    • Observations on molecular behavior and properties can be categorized based on hybridization and geometrical arrangement.

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    Test your understanding of Valence Bond Theory with this quiz. The questions cover key concepts and calculations related to the theory. Perfect for students studying chemistry and looking to reinforce their knowledge.

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