Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are vaccines made from?
What are vaccines made from?
Germs or parts of them
Who created the first vaccine and for which disease?
Who created the first vaccine and for which disease?
Edward Jenner; smallpox
What is the purpose of active vaccination?
What is the purpose of active vaccination?
Which type of vaccine uses weakened germs?
Which type of vaccine uses weakened germs?
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Vaccines are 100% risk-free.
Vaccines are 100% risk-free.
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What is herd immunity?
What is herd immunity?
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Which vaccines are available for COVID-19?
Which vaccines are available for COVID-19?
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The first vaccine was created by ______ in ______.
The first vaccine was created by ______ in ______.
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What are vaccines?
What are vaccines?
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Who created the first vaccine and for which disease?
Who created the first vaccine and for which disease?
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What type of vaccination gives your body ready-made protection?
What type of vaccination gives your body ready-made protection?
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Which type of vaccine uses weakened germs?
Which type of vaccine uses weakened germs?
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Vaccines are always 100% risk-free.
Vaccines are always 100% risk-free.
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Name one example of an inactivated vaccine.
Name one example of an inactivated vaccine.
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Which vaccine type is the newest and uses DNA?
Which vaccine type is the newest and uses DNA?
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At what age are children usually given their first MMR vaccine?
At what age are children usually given their first MMR vaccine?
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Match the following vaccines with their types:
Match the following vaccines with their types:
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The first vaccine was developed for __________.
The first vaccine was developed for __________.
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Study Notes
Vaccines: What They Are and How They Work
- Vaccines are substances made from germs or parts of germs to help the body fight off diseases.
- The first vaccine was for smallpox, developed by Edward Jenner in 1798.
Vaccination Types and Mechanisms
- Active vaccination teaches the body to remember and fight off germs in the future.
- Passive vaccination provides ready-made protection (antibodies) that doesn't last as long.
- Herd immunity occurs when most people in a group are vaccinated, protecting those who cannot get vaccinated.
Vaccine Types
- Live vaccines use weakened germs that can’t make you sick, offering strong and lasting protection (e.g., MMR for measles, mumps, and rubella).
- Inactivated vaccines use killed germs. They are safer for people with weak immune systems, but may require booster shots (e.g., flu shot).
- Toxoids target toxins produced by germs (e.g., tetanus). Booster shots are needed for continued protection.
- Subunit vaccines use only parts of germs, making them very safe. They may need extra doses (e.g., whooping cough vaccine).
- DNA vaccines are the newest type, using DNA to help the body create a defense. They are still under study.
Vaccine Safety
- Vaccines are very safe, although there are some minor risks.
- These risks are far less significant than the benefits of preventing serious diseases.
- Myths about vaccines, like the link between MMR and autism, have been debunked.
Common Vaccines
- Vaccines are available for many diseases, including COVID-19, flu, HPV, and more.
- Some vaccines use newer technology like mRNA vaccines (e.g., Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines).
Vaccines for Babies and Young Children
- Babies receive vaccines early in life to protect them from diseases like Hepatitis B, polio, and rotavirus.
- Vaccines like MMR are administered at 9-12 months and again at 4-6 years to ensure continued protection.
COVID-19 Vaccines
- mRNA vaccines: Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2)
- Viral Vector Vaccines: AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria) and Gamaleya (Sputnik V)
- Inactivated vaccines: Bharat Biotech (Covaxin), Sinovac (CoronaVac), and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV)
Influenza Vaccines
- Inactivated vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur (Fluzone)
- Live attenuated vaccine: AstraZeneca (FluMist Quadrivalent)
Hepatitis Vaccines
- Recombinant Vaccine: GlaxoSmithKline (Engerix-B) for Hepatitis B and LG Life Sciences (Heptavax) for Hepatitis B
- Inactivated vaccine: GlaxoSmithKline (Havrix) for Hepatitis A
Common Vaccines for Children
- Recombinant vaccine: Merck (Gardasil 9) for HPV
- Live attenuated vaccines: Merck (MMR II) for Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Merck (Varivax) for Varicella/Chickenpox
- Inactivated vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur (IPV) for Polio
- Conjugate vaccine: Pfizer (Prevnar 13) for Pneumococcal
- Toxoid vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur (Daptacel) for DTP
- Conjugate vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur (Menactra) for Meningococcal
- Live attenuated vaccine: Merck (RotaTeq) for Rotavirus
Special Vaccines
- Recombinant vaccine: GlaxoSmithKline (Shingrix) for Shingles
- Live attenuated Vaccines: Sanofi Pasteur (Dengvaxia) for Dengue, Sanofi Pasteur (IMOJEV) for Japanese Encephalitis, and Sanofi Pasteur (VERORAB) for Rabies
- Inactivated vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur (VERORAB) for Rabies
- Live attenuated vaccine: Japan BCG Lab (BCG) for Tuberculosis
- Oral inactivated vaccine: EuBiologics Co.Ltd (Euvichol-Plus) for Cholera
Vaccine Review by Age Group
- Newborn Vaccines: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) (Manufacturer: Japan BCG Laboratory) and Hepatitis B (Heptavax) (Manufacturer: LG Life Sciences)
- Infant Vaccines (6-14 weeks): Pentavalent (DTP-HepB-Hib), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of vaccines, including how they work and the different types available. Learn about active and passive vaccination, herd immunity, and the varied approaches to immunization. This quiz will test your understanding of vaccine history and mechanics.
