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What is the drug class of methotrexate?
What is the drug class of methotrexate?
Antineoplastic
What is the name of the enzyme that folic acid analogs block to inhibit the synthesis of folic acid?
What is the name of the enzyme that folic acid analogs block to inhibit the synthesis of folic acid?
What are the side effects of methotrexate?
What are the side effects of methotrexate?
What is the name of the test that is used to monitor bone marrow suppression?
What is the name of the test that is used to monitor bone marrow suppression?
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Methotrexate is incompatible with multiple other drugs in solution.
Methotrexate is incompatible with multiple other drugs in solution.
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What is the name of the yeast superinfection that can occur in the mouth?
What is the name of the yeast superinfection that can occur in the mouth?
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What type of cancer is Leuprolide used to treat?
What type of cancer is Leuprolide used to treat?
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GnRH agonists can cure prostate cancer.
GnRH agonists can cure prostate cancer.
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What is the mechanism of action of GnRH agonists?
What is the mechanism of action of GnRH agonists?
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What type of drug is tamoxifen?
What type of drug is tamoxifen?
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Tamoxifen can increase the risk for endometrial hyperplasia.
Tamoxifen can increase the risk for endometrial hyperplasia.
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What are the adverse reactions of tamoxifen?
What are the adverse reactions of tamoxifen?
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Tamoxifen is contraindicated in clients who are on anticoagulant therapy.
Tamoxifen is contraindicated in clients who are on anticoagulant therapy.
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Tamoxifen can decrease the effectiveness of bromocriptine.
Tamoxifen can decrease the effectiveness of bromocriptine.
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Tamoxifen can increase the risk for thromboembolism.
Tamoxifen can increase the risk for thromboembolism.
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Which vaccines are recommended for children from birth to 6 years old?
Which vaccines are recommended for children from birth to 6 years old?
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What is the appropriate age range for administering the booster dose of TDaP vaccine?
What is the appropriate age range for administering the booster dose of TDaP vaccine?
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What is the antineoplastic drug that acts as a folic acid analog?
What is the antineoplastic drug that acts as a folic acid analog?
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Which of the following is NOT a known adverse reaction to methotrexate?
Which of the following is NOT a known adverse reaction to methotrexate?
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Which vaccine is recommended for adults over 65 years old?
Which vaccine is recommended for adults over 65 years old?
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What condition does methotrexate primarily treat when used in small doses?
What condition does methotrexate primarily treat when used in small doses?
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At what age should children receive the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4)?
At what age should children receive the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4)?
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Which of the following components does methotrexate disrupt during DNA synthesis?
Which of the following components does methotrexate disrupt during DNA synthesis?
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What does the term 'nadir' refer to in the context of chemotherapy?
What does the term 'nadir' refer to in the context of chemotherapy?
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What is a significant risk when methotrexate is used concurrently with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
What is a significant risk when methotrexate is used concurrently with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
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Which patient reaction should be monitored when administrating nitrogen mustard drugs?
Which patient reaction should be monitored when administrating nitrogen mustard drugs?
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What physiological response is primarily responsible for nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy?
What physiological response is primarily responsible for nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy?
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Why is it important to discuss hair loss with patients receiving cyclophosphamide treatment?
Why is it important to discuss hair loss with patients receiving cyclophosphamide treatment?
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What characterizes nitrogen mustard drugs in terms of cell cycle specificity?
What characterizes nitrogen mustard drugs in terms of cell cycle specificity?
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What should be checked before a patient's use of vitamin or mineral supplements during methotrexate therapy?
What should be checked before a patient's use of vitamin or mineral supplements during methotrexate therapy?
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How does acute alcohol consumption affect patients undergoing chemotherapy?
How does acute alcohol consumption affect patients undergoing chemotherapy?
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What is the primary risk associated with doxorubicin that requires monitoring?
What is the primary risk associated with doxorubicin that requires monitoring?
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Which of the following symptoms should a patient receiving doxorubicin report immediately?
Which of the following symptoms should a patient receiving doxorubicin report immediately?
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What impact does leuprolide have on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer?
What impact does leuprolide have on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer?
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What type of rebound effect is associated with cessation of GnRH agonists like leuprolide?
What type of rebound effect is associated with cessation of GnRH agonists like leuprolide?
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Which of the following side effects is reversible after discontinuing doxorubicin?
Which of the following side effects is reversible after discontinuing doxorubicin?
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What client instruction is important concerning the timing of side effects from doxorubicin?
What client instruction is important concerning the timing of side effects from doxorubicin?
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What is considered a non-cancer use of GnRH agonists like leuprolide?
What is considered a non-cancer use of GnRH agonists like leuprolide?
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What critical information should female clients receiving doxorubicin be advised about?
What critical information should female clients receiving doxorubicin be advised about?
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What is the significance of monitoring the complete blood count (CBC) in patients undergoing therapy?
What is the significance of monitoring the complete blood count (CBC) in patients undergoing therapy?
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What should clients do to minimize the risk of bleeding if thrombocytopenia develops?
What should clients do to minimize the risk of bleeding if thrombocytopenia develops?
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Which measure can help prevent stomatitis in clients undergoing treatment?
Which measure can help prevent stomatitis in clients undergoing treatment?
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Which of the following symptoms should clients report immediately due to the risk of liver damage?
Which of the following symptoms should clients report immediately due to the risk of liver damage?
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What dietary changes are advised for clients receiving treatment to reduce infection risk?
What dietary changes are advised for clients receiving treatment to reduce infection risk?
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What should be done to avoid complications from oral ulcerations during treatment?
What should be done to avoid complications from oral ulcerations during treatment?
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Which patient population should avoid treatment due to the risk of GI ulceration?
Which patient population should avoid treatment due to the risk of GI ulceration?
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Why is it important for clients to use contraception during treatment?
Why is it important for clients to use contraception during treatment?
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What is the effect of regular administration of GnRH on testosterone production?
What is the effect of regular administration of GnRH on testosterone production?
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Which adverse effect is NOT associated with tamoxifen?
Which adverse effect is NOT associated with tamoxifen?
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What should clients taking tamoxifen be specifically instructed to report?
What should clients taking tamoxifen be specifically instructed to report?
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What is a common reason for recommending tamoxifen to premenopausal women?
What is a common reason for recommending tamoxifen to premenopausal women?
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Which of the following therapies is likely to increase endometrial proliferation?
Which of the following therapies is likely to increase endometrial proliferation?
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What potential outcome is associated with desensitization of pituitary receptors due to GnRH drug administration?
What potential outcome is associated with desensitization of pituitary receptors due to GnRH drug administration?
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Which condition should clients taking tamoxifen be monitored for, due to its potential effects?
Which condition should clients taking tamoxifen be monitored for, due to its potential effects?
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How does tamoxifen promote cardiovascular health?
How does tamoxifen promote cardiovascular health?
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Study Notes
Vaccine Schedules
- Birth-6 years: Hepatitis A & B, Rotavirus, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTaP), Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV), Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR), Varicella (chickenpox). Annual flu vaccine is recommended for children at least 6 months of age.
- 7-18 years: TDaP booster between ages 11-12 following initial DTaP series. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommended for 11-12 year olds. Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4) recommended between ages 11-18, or earlier for those with compromised immune systems. Flu vaccine yearly.
- Adults/Older Adults: Annual flu vaccine. Tetanus and diphtheria (TD) booster every 10 years. Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for those over 65, or at risk adults. Hepatitis A or B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella vaccines may be necessary for adults. Herpes Zoster (shingles) vaccine recommended for adults over 50.
Folic Acid Analogs (Methotrexate)
- Drug Class: Antineoplastic
- Uses: Treats rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
- Mechanism: Blocks folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, disrupting DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells (cancer cells).
- Adverse Reactions: Severe bone marrow suppression (decreased platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells), liver damage, GI ulcerations, pulmonary damage.
- Monitoring: Complete blood counts (CBC) including platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit should be monitored before, during, and after treatment. Monitor for fever due to infection risk.
Other Relevant Information
- Nadir: The lowest point in blood cell counts after chemotherapy, used to determine intervals for monitoring.
- Nitrogen Mustards/Alopecia: Some anticancer drugs, like nitrogen mustards, cause temporary hair loss.
- Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin): Some chemotherapy drugs can cause severe bone marrow suppression (leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte depression). Other side effects include reversible alopecia, red urine/tears, and cardiac and liver toxicity.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) (e.g., Leuprolide): Used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer by suppressing testosterone production.
- Estrogen Receptor Blockers (e.g., Tamoxifen): These medications block estrogen receptors in breast tissue, reducing estrogen's effects. They are used in treating breast cancer and to prevent risk of developing breast cancer. They can elevate the risk of endometrial cancer in pre-menopausal women.
- Nausea and Vomiting (chemotherapy-induced): Chemotherapy drugs can cause nausea, and vomiting in some clients. This may occur prior to, during, and after chemotherapy sessions. Nausea can last for several days.
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Description
This quiz covers essential vaccine schedules for various age groups, including infants, children, and adults. Learn about the recommended vaccines and their significance to public health. Test your knowledge on immunization practices across different life stages.
