Vaccine Origins and Functionality Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the word 'vaccine'?

The word 'vaccine' originates from the Latin Variolae vaccinae (cowpox), which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans.

What is the purpose of vaccines?

Vaccines enhance immunity against disease and either prevent (prophylactic vaccines) or, in some cases, treat disease (therapeutic vaccines).

What is the difference between sterilizing immunity and other forms of immunity?

Some vaccines offer full sterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented completely, while other forms of immunity may not completely prevent infection.

What is the role of vaccination in the eradication of diseases?

Widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. Signup and view all the answers

How are vaccines administered?

Vaccines are administered in liquid form, either by injection, by oral, or by intranasal routes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five main sources or methods for producing vaccines?

<ol> <li>From living organisms weakened by attenuation or genetic modification, 2) From whole inactivated organisms, 3) From components of the pathogen like proteins, polysaccharides or nucleic acids, 4) From inactivated bacterial toxins, 5) From conjugation of polysaccharides to proteins.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conjugating polysaccharides to proteins in vaccine production?

It increases the effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines in young children. Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of combination vaccines used in childhood immunization schedules.

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, and polio vaccines. Signup and view all the answers

What types of vaccines do the combination childhood vaccines contain?

They contain toxoids, purified protein subunits, conjugated polysaccharides, recombinant proteins, and inactivated viruses. Signup and view all the answers