37 Questions
Where can one find primary manuscripts for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies?
PubMed
Which database is specifically useful for information on drugs in pregnancy and lactation?
LactMed
For meta-analysis and systematic reviews, which type of manuscripts are considered secondary/tertiary sources?
Clinical guidelines
In which handbook would you find information specifically related to pediatric dosages?
NeoFax
Which source is helpful for detailed information on veterinary drugs?
Merck Veterinary Manual
Where can one find information on multiple agents' comparative efficacy and safety?
American Journal of Medicine
Which source would be most beneficial for reviews related to drug classes?
JAPhA
Which type of outcome variable is clinically relevant and easy to measure?
Primary outcome
What type of outcome should be appropriate for the question and measured using valid techniques?
Primary outcome
Which type of outcome explores other potential areas of interest beyond the primary and secondary outcomes?
Exploratory outcome
What kind of outcome may combine several different measures in one primary endpoint, usually related to morbidity and/or mortality?
Composite endpoint
Which outcome measure is considered to be the determinant of sample size and power in a study?
Primary outcome
What is a crucial aspect when dealing with a composite endpoint?
Only the individual components need to be reported separately.
Which type of endpoint should authors be careful with when combining measures related to morbidity and mortality?
Composite endpoint
What is the main purpose of a case report in the context of vaccine adverse events?
To describe a single individual's observed effect after vaccination
When are providers REQUIRED to report Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)?
When certain ADEs occur within a specific time period of vaccine administration
What is the main reason for using a Quasi-experimental study design?
To control for confounding variables
In evaluating a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), what should one consider about the authors?
Their credentials and conflicts of interest
What type of study design would be most appropriate for assessing long-term vaccine efficacy?
Cohort Study
What distinguishes a case control study from a cohort study?
The selection of participants based on outcomes
What is the primary difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis?
The scope of research questions addressed
What feature should be considered when assessing the credibility of a journal publishing RCTs?
The impact factor of the journal
What type of bias occurs when individuals involved in the collection of exposure or outcome data probe for or record information in a differential way?
Interviewer bias
Which type of bias occurs when subjects are differentially referred into a study based on knowledge of their exposure status?
Referral bias
What is problematic if attrition is related to exposure or outcome?
Internal validity
In which situation would logistic regression be used to control for confounding?
Comparing patients with pets and exercise to patients with pets and no exercise
Which type of error occurs due to the different ways information is collected in a study?
Information bias
When study subjects recall their exposure or outcome history differently, what type of bias is present?
Recall bias
What type of bias involves the selective suppression or revealing of information, including sensitive information?
Reporting bias
When dissimilar procedures are used to select study subjects and relate to the exposure or health outcome under study, what type of bias occurs?
Selection bias
What is the definition of plagiarism?
Using others' ideas or words without giving credit
Which of the following is an example of mosaic plagiarism?
Using some words or phrases without citation
What is one strategy to avoid plagiarism when using others' opinions or theories?
Paraphrase the opinions in your own words
Which citation style is most applicable in medical and scientific fields?
American Medical Association (AMA)
When is self-plagiarism considered unethical?
When recycling your published content without mentioning the original source
What is an example of unintentional plagiarism?
Using wrong paraphrasing techniques
Which type of plagiarism involves presenting the thoughts of others as your own?
Plagiarism of ideas
Learn about the process of reporting adverse events related to vaccines, including voluntary reporting by patients, parents, and providers, as well as mandatory reporting for specific adverse events. Understand the importance of assessing the strength of case reports in vaccine safety evaluation.
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