Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is considered a dropout in the context of vaccination?
What is considered a dropout in the context of vaccination?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of dropout rates?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of dropout rates?
Missed opportunities in vaccination mainly arise from which of the following issues?
Missed opportunities in vaccination mainly arise from which of the following issues?
What factor does NOT affect immunization coverage?
What factor does NOT affect immunization coverage?
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What is one proposed solution to improve vaccination coverage?
What is one proposed solution to improve vaccination coverage?
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Which of the following describes a consequence of a negative attitude among health workers?
Which of the following describes a consequence of a negative attitude among health workers?
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How often should vaccines be administered for a child who is eligible?
How often should vaccines be administered for a child who is eligible?
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Which aspect is NOT a cause of missed opportunities in vaccinations?
Which aspect is NOT a cause of missed opportunities in vaccinations?
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What characteristic of an ideal vaccine allows it to be effective after a single dose?
What characteristic of an ideal vaccine allows it to be effective after a single dose?
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Which of the following is NOT a role of preservatives in vaccines?
Which of the following is NOT a role of preservatives in vaccines?
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Which guideline is most essential for maintaining the effectiveness of vaccines during storage?
Which guideline is most essential for maintaining the effectiveness of vaccines during storage?
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What is a desired outcome of having a vaccine that prevents disease transmission?
What is a desired outcome of having a vaccine that prevents disease transmission?
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What is one possible consequence of inadequate vaccine inventory management?
What is one possible consequence of inadequate vaccine inventory management?
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Why is it important for vaccines to provide long-lasting immunity?
Why is it important for vaccines to provide long-lasting immunity?
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Which of the following factors has a direct impact on immunization coverage?
Which of the following factors has a direct impact on immunization coverage?
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What is a characteristic of stabilizers used in vaccines?
What is a characteristic of stabilizers used in vaccines?
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What is a reason DPT should not be administered?
What is a reason DPT should not be administered?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine?
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Which storage condition is critical for vaccines at health centers?
Which storage condition is critical for vaccines at health centers?
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What is one of the key strategies for preventing diseases targeted by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
What is one of the key strategies for preventing diseases targeted by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
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What is an indicator of successful immunization?
What is an indicator of successful immunization?
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Which approach is characterized by administering vaccines in community settings?
Which approach is characterized by administering vaccines in community settings?
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What is a common misconception regarding the Measles vaccine?
What is a common misconception regarding the Measles vaccine?
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Which vaccine should an infant with clinical AIDS avoid?
Which vaccine should an infant with clinical AIDS avoid?
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Study Notes
Vaccination Course - Semester 1 2024
- Course Facilitator: M. SHADRACK T. D. Samuel
- Class Meets: Mondays, 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
- Email: [email protected]
- Required Resources: Computer, reliable internet, articles, supplemental materials, and URLs/websites.
Grading
- Class Participation/In-class activities: 15% of final CA mark
- Class attendance: 10% of final CA mark
- Quizzes: 55% of final CA mark
- Assignments: 20% of final CA mark
- Continuous Assessment (CA): 30%
- Semester Exam: 70%
Course Aim
- Equip learners to become nurse and midwife leaders, managers, educators, advocates for patients, quality health services, and the role of nursing in the health agenda.
Instructional Methods
- Lectures, online class discussions, active participation, and computer-generated presentations.
- Recommended readings and online class discussions are expected prior to each lecture.
- Emphasis on utilization of management processes, leadership theories, problem-solving, clinical decision-making, policy analysis, and monitoring.
- Course includes a combination of lecture, online class discussion, and active participation, with computer-generated presentations.
Make-up Exams and Late Assignments
- No make-up exams, except in documented hardship cases.
- One letter grade reduction per day late for assignments.
Vaccine General Information
- Vaccine: An antigenic preparation of microbes (bacteria, viruses, or their products) administered for disease prevention.
- Mechanism: Stimulates the immune system to develop antibodies that quickly and effectively attack disease-causing microbes when they enter the body, preventing disease development.
- Preparation: Contains live-attenuated or killed microorganisms, or parts of them capable of stimulating a specific immune response for protective antibodies and T cell immunity.
- Vaccination Process: Injection of antigens into the body to produce immunity and protect against diseases. It's a process of active immunization, with a primary dose and booster doses.
Immunity
- Immunity: The body's ability to resist diseases and infectious agents.
- Types of Immunity: Roughly different immunity types exist, individualized and/or community level.
Herd Immunity
- Herd Immunity: In a community, immunization of a high proportion (usually 80% or more) to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Vaccine Storage and Handling
- Cold Chain: Materials, equipment, and procedures used to maintain vaccines at a temperature range of 2°C to +8°C from manufacturing to administration.
- Temperature Concerns: Exposure to temperatures outside the specified range can compromise vaccine potency.
- Incident Reporting: If vaccine exposure breaches the required temperature parameters, appropriate action must be taken.
Vaccination Types
- Inactivated: Using inactivated (killed) versions of the germ; may require multiple doses.
- Live Attenuated: Using weakened forms of the germ for a strong and long-lasting response.
- Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, and Conjugate: Use specific pieces of the germ for response to key parts.
- Toxoid: Using toxins made by germs to create immunity against specific parts of the germ.
- mRNA Vaccines: Designed and used for infections or diseases like COVID-19.
Vaccine Components and Materials
- Active Materials (Antigens): Molecules reacting with T and B cells to induce specific immune responses.
- Inactive Materials (Adjuvants): Enhancer of immune responses, like aluminum salts or other components.
- Preservatives: Prevents bacterial growth, particularly in multi-dose vaccines (e.g., thiomersal).
- Stabilizers: Extends the shelf-life of vaccines (e.g., proteins).
Vaccine Characteristics
- Immunogenic: Produces a strong and protective immune response without causing the disease.
- Safe: With low adverse event rates.
- Stable: Maintains effectiveness in storage conditions.
- Combination: Can contain multiple antigens for combined disease protection.
EPI Target Diseases
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough): A bacterial respiratory disease. Includes details on symptoms, incubation period, diagnosis, prevention, and management options.
- Tetanus: A neurological disease caused by Clostridium tetani. Details on symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment covered.
- Poliomyelitis: Viral disease with potential for paralysis. Includes information about symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Diphtheria: Bacterial disease affecting tonsils, pharynx, and larynx. Includes information about symptoms, diagnosis, and management.
- Measles: Highly contagious viral infection. Includes information about symptoms, management, and complications.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Includes details on the disease, transmission, predisposing factors, and clinical features.
Vaccination Management
- Chemotherapy: Details for treatment and phases of treatment.
- Vaccine Side Effects: Reporting of adverse reactions is included.
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Description
This course aims to equip learners with the knowledge and skills to become effective nurse and midwife leaders. Emphasizing quality health services and patient advocacy, the curriculum includes lectures, discussions, and assessments to enhance engagement and learning. Prepare for a semester focused on health management in nursing.
