VA & US History SOL Review

Questions and Answers

What is the Bill of Rights?

A treaty with France

An act of Congress

First 10 amendments to the Constitution (correct)

A law prohibiting slavery

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

Abolished slavery

What rights does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

Equal rights for all Americans

What does the 15th Amendment ensure?

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude Signup and view all the answers

What is established by the 17th Amendment?

Direct election of Senators Signup and view all the answers

What did the 18th Amendment enforce?

Prohibition Signup and view all the answers

What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?

Gave women the right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mayflower Compact?

Established the covenant community Signup and view all the answers

What is the Proclamation of 1763?

British law that prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

Justified breaking away from England Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Alliance with France achieve?

Gave the Americans assistance in the Revolutionary War Signup and view all the answers

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The first plan of government for the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the VA Plan?

A government based on population Signup and view all the answers

What is the Constitution?

A written plan for government Signup and view all the answers

What did the Virginia Declaration of Rights outline?

Basic rights of the people in Virginia Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom?

Separated church and state Signup and view all the answers

What was The National Bank established for?

Assist the government with economic issues Signup and view all the answers

What was Jay's Treaty?

Treaty between the U.S. and Britain Signup and view all the answers

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

No more colonization in the Americas Signup and view all the answers

What did the Missouri Compromise achieve?

Northern states = Free, Southern states = Slave Signup and view all the answers

What was the Tariff of 1832?

Led to the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina Signup and view all the answers

What did the Compromise of 1850 do?

California entered as a free state Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Provided for the capture of escaped slaves Signup and view all the answers

What was the Seneca Falls Declaration?

Demanded women's equality and right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?

Repealed the Missouri Compromise Signup and view all the answers

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Freed the slaves in rebelling states Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gettysburg Address about?

Keeping the Union together Signup and view all the answers

What did the Compromise of 1877 result in?

Ending the Reconstruction Period Signup and view all the answers

What did the Homestead Act promote?

Encouraged westward migration Signup and view all the answers

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do?

Prohibited Chinese immigration Signup and view all the answers

What was the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921?

Ended the greatest period of U.S. immigration Signup and view all the answers

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Segregation laws in the South Signup and view all the answers

What was the Square Deal?

Teddy Roosevelt's programs for progressive reforms Signup and view all the answers

What is New Freedom?

Woodrow Wilson's programs for progressive reforms Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act prevent?

Any business structure that restrains trade Signup and view all the answers

What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act expand?

Expanded the Sherman Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the Open Door Policy?

All nations have equal trading rights in China Signup and view all the answers

What was Dollar Diplomacy?

Taft's plan to urge investments in Latin America Signup and view all the answers

What were Wilson's 14 Points?

Plan for a lasting peace after WWI Signup and view all the answers

What was the League of Nations?

Means of peaceful diplomacy between member nations Signup and view all the answers

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff designed to do?

Protect American businesses Signup and view all the answers

What was the New Deal?

Programs to help Americans during the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

What was the Marshall Plan?

Offered aid to rebuild Europe after WWII Signup and view all the answers

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Guiding principle of containment of communism Signup and view all the answers

What does NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Signup and view all the answers

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Collective security agreement of the Soviet Union Signup and view all the answers

What was Vietnamization?

Nixon's plan to return fighting to the Vietnamese Signup and view all the answers

What was the policy of containment?

Stop the spread of communism Signup and view all the answers

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aim to achieve?

End discrimination in various areas of society Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Extend suffrage and reduce discrimination in voter registration Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Reagan Revolution?

Rise of conservative ideals and tax cuts Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Federal Reserve play?

Control the supply of money and credit Signup and view all the answers

What does NAFTA stand for?

North American Free Trade Agreement Signup and view all the answers

What did the Patriot Act allow?

Aggressive locating of suspected terrorists within the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

Ruled that black men were not citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is Marbury v. Madison known for?

Established judicial review Signup and view all the answers

What did McCulloch v. Maryland conclude?

States cannot tax federal agencies Signup and view all the answers

What was established by Gibbons v. Ogden?

Supreme Court can decide disputes between states Signup and view all the answers

What did Plessy v. Ferguson uphold?

'Separate but equal' doctrine Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education?

Segregated schools are unequal and must integrate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Constitutional Amendments

Bill of Rights: First 10 amendments protecting individual liberties.
13th Amendment: Abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment: Ensures equal rights and citizenship for all individuals.
15th Amendment: Prohibits denial of voting rights based on race, color, or servitude status.
17th Amendment: Mandated the direct election of U.S. Senators.
18th Amendment: Instituted prohibition of alcohol.
19th Amendment: Granted women the right to vote.

Key Historical Documents

Mayflower Compact: Early sign of democracy, establishing a "covenant community" in New England.
Proclamation of 1763: British law barring settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains post-French and Indian War.
Declaration of Independence: Justified American separation from England, emphasizing social contract principles.
Treaty of Alliance with France: Secured French assistance for America, crucial in the Revolutionary War.
Articles of Confederation: The initial governing framework for the U.S., ultimately deemed ineffective.

Government Frameworks and Plans

VA Plan: Drafted by James Madison, proposed representation based on population.
Constitution: Formalized the framework for U.S. government structure.
Virginia Declaration of Rights: Authored by George Mason, influenced the Bill of Rights; outlined fundamental rights.

Economic Policies and Treaties

National Bank: Created to stabilize the economy and encourage growth, fostering the rise of political parties.
Jay's Treaty: Resolved post-war issues with Britain, addressing troop withdrawals and trade rights.
Monroe Doctrine: Warned against European colonization in the Americas, asserting U.S. neutrality in European conflicts.

Legislative Compromises and Acts

Missouri Compromise: Maintained balance between free and slave states in U.S. territories.
Compromise of 1850: Addressed sectional tensions; California entered as a free state with stricter fugitive slave laws.
Fugitive Slave Act: Mandated the capture and return of escaped slaves nationwide.
Seneca Falls Declaration: Advocated for women's rights and suffrage.

Civil War and Reconstruction Era

Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the states rebelling against the Union.
Gettysburg Address: Lincoln emphasized the Civil War's purpose in preserving the Union.
Compromise of 1877: Ended Reconstruction efforts in exchange for political power for Hayes.

Societal and Immigration Policies

Homestead Act: Promoted westward expansion by granting land to settlers.
Chinese Exclusion Act: Prohibited immigration from China.
Immigration Restriction Act of 1921: Capped immigration, marking the end of a significant influx.

Civil Rights Movement

Jim Crow Laws: Instituted racial segregation in the South.
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Aimed to eliminate discrimination and advance civil rights in various sectors.
Voting Rights Act of 1965: Targeted voter discrimination and aimed to protect voting rights for all citizens.

Economic and Political Reforms

Square Deal: Teddy Roosevelt's initiative for fair treatment across various sectors.
New Freedom: Woodrow Wilson's series of reforms focusing on social and economic equity.
New Deal: FDR's programs aimed at economic recovery during the Great Depression, expanding government roles.

International Relations and Policies

Marshall Plan: Provided European nations with aid post-WWII to rebuild and counter communism.
Truman Doctrine: Established containment of communism as core U.S. foreign policy post-WWII.
NATO: Collective defense pact aiming to prevent communism's spread in Europe.

Judicial Landmark Cases

Dred Scott Decision: Declared that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and that slavery could exist in free areas.
Marbury v. Madison: Established judicial review, the power of courts to invalidate laws.
Brown v. Board of Education: Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, advocating for integration.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key amendments and rights in U.S. history with this review of the Bill of Rights and notable amendments. Perfect for students preparing for SOL exams, these flashcards cover essential concepts and legal protections guaranteed to citizens.