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Rickets

A condition characterized by widening of the lower ends of long bones, often accompanied by delayed walking in infants.

Diabetes insipidus

A type of diabetes caused by the inability of the body to produce or respond to the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), leading to excessive thirst and urination.

Iron deficiency anemia

A common childhood illness characterized by pallor, fatigue, and a reduced number of red blood cells.

Sickle cell disease

A genetic blood disorder characterized by an abnormal hemoglob in protein, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells that can cause pain, block blood flow, and damage organs.

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Thrombocytopenia

A condition that causes bleeding gums, often accompanied by petechiae (small red spots) on the skin and a decreased platelet count.

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Factor VII deficiency

A condition characterized by a deficiency of factor VII, a protein that is essential for normal blood clotting.

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Hemophilia A

A genetic blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII, leading to excessive bleeding and joint pain.

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Hemophilia B

A genetic blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of clotting factor IX, leading to excessive bleeding.

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Hyposplenism

A condition characterized by a decrease in the size of an organ or tissue, often affecting the spleen and making individuals more susceptible to infections.

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Vaso-occlusive crisis

A term used to describe various medical conditions that can cause severe pain in the hands and feet, often associated with sickle cell disease.

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Sickle chest syndrome

A severe complication of sickle cell disease where the red blood cells get trapped in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, pain, and fever.

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Microcytic anemia

A type of blood cell disorder affecting the production of red blood cells, leading to anemia and a low MCV (mean corpuscular volume).

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Beta-thalassemia trait

A genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal Hb A2 level, resulting in reduced red blood cell production and a low MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration).

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Alpha-thalassemia

A genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of alpha globin chains, leading to a low MCV and reduced red blood cell production.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of vitamin B12, often causing anemia and neurological problems.

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Hereditary spherocytosis

A type of red blood cell disorder that causes the red blood cells to be more fragile and spherical, leading to hemolytic anemia.

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Aplastic crisis

A serious complication of sickle cell disease, where a sudden decrease in red blood cell production leads to severe anemia.

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Sequestration crisis

A complication of sickle cell disease where red blood cells become trapped in the spleen, leading to an enlarged spleen and a decrease in red blood cells.

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Aplastic crisis

A severe complication of sickle cell disease where a sudden decrease in red blood cell production leads to severe anemia.

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Prolonged bleeding time

A condition that results in an abnormally long time taken for a small cut to stop bleeding, often associated with certain disorders like von Willebrand disease.

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Prothrombin time (PT)

A test used to measure the time taken for blood to clot, often prolonged in bleeding disorders or vitamin K deficiency.

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Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

A test used to measure the time taken for blood to clot, often prolonged in bleeding disorders affecting the intrinsic pathway.

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