Questions and Answers
What is the Hawkins Classification used for?
What is the AVN rate for Hawkins Type 1 fractures?
0-13%
What is the treatment for Hawkins Type 2 fractures?
Tx with ORIF
What is the AVN risk for Hawkins Type 3 fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is unique about Hawkins Type 4 fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Sneppen Classification refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fracture is described in Sneppen Group 1?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of Sneppen Group 3 fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of fracture referred to as the 'snowboarders fracture'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the AVN risk for Berndt & Harty Type 4 fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key feature of Berndt & Harty Type 1 fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Hawkins Classification (1970)
- Designed for talar neck fractures and predicts prognosis and AVN risk.
Hawkins Type 1
- Non-displaced neck fracture without subluxation.
- AVN risk is between 0-13%.
- Treatment generally involves conservative management: Non-weight bearing (NWB) with a below-knee cast for 6-8 weeks.
Hawkins Type 2
- Characterized by displaced vertical neck fracture with subtalar joint subluxation.
- AVN risk increases to 20-50%.
- Treatment is typically open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
Hawkins Type 3
- Involves a displaced vertical fracture with both subtalar joint and ankle joint dislocation.
- Talar body tethered around the deltoid ligament.
- AVN risk ranges from 83-100%.
- Requires ORIF and NWB.
Hawkins Type 4
- Includes a displaced vertical talar fracture along with subluxation or dislocation of the subtalar, ankle, and talonavicular joints.
- Recognized as a rare variant with AVN risk exceeding 91%.
- Complex talar neck fractures that do not fit other classifications may be included here.
Sneppen Classification
- Focuses on fractures of the talar body.
Sneppen Group 1
- Involves transchondral or compression fractures of the talar dome.
Sneppen Group 2
- Defined by coronal, sagittal, or horizontal shear fractures affecting the entire talar body.
Sneppen Group 3
- Characterized by posterior tubercle fractures, which include:
- Cedell fracture: posterior medial tubercle.
- Shepherd's fracture: posterior lateral tubercle.
Sneppen Group 4
- Refers to lateral process fractures known as "snowboarders fractures."
Sneppen Group 5
- Involves crush or comminuted fractures of the talus.
Hawkins Original Classification of Lateral Process Talar Fractures
- Type 1: Simple two-part fracture.
- Type 2: Comminuted fracture.
- Type 3: Chip fracture of the anteroinferior lateral process.
McCrory and Bladin Classification of Lateral Talar Process Fractures
- Type A: Chip (avulsion) fracture.
- Type B: Simple large fragment fracture.
- Type C: Comminuted fracture.
Berndt & Harty Classification for Talar Osteochondral Defect (OCD)
- Type 1: Small area of compression, may not appear on x-ray; treated with 6-12 weeks of below-knee cast immobilization.
- Type 2: Partially detached OCD; 6-12 weeks of below-knee cast immobilization.
- Type 3: Fully detached OCD remaining in the crater; medial cases managed conservatively, lateral cases require surgical treatment.
- Type 4: Displaced OCD, necessitating surgical intervention.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
