Multifocal and Diffuse Brain Disorders

Which of the following is NOT considered a multifocal and diffuse brain disorder?

Which diagnostic method is NOT typically used in the initial approach to meningoencephalitis?

Which of these viruses belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family?

Which animal is LEAST likely to be susceptible to rabies?

In the context of rabies, what does 'neurotrophic' mean?

What is the typical incubation period for rabies in dogs?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the prodromal phase of rabies?

Which of the following is a typical clinical sign of the furious form of rabies?

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming rabies infection postmortem?

What are Negri bodies?

Which of the following is true regarding rabies vaccination in dogs?

What type of virus is the canine distemper virus?

Which of the following is considered an 'extra-neural' sign of distemper in dogs?

What is myoclonus, often seen in dogs with the CNS form of distemper?

In cases of canine distemper, which diagnostic test is performed on epithelial cell swabs?

Which statement is most accurate regarding neurologic therapy for dogs with distemper?

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for canine distemper?

What percentage of cats with the nervous form of FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis) show CNS involvement?

Which form of FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis) is characterized by a partial cellular response?

What diagnostic tool is considered most reliable for diagnosing the CNS form of FIP?

Which medication has shown promise in clinical trials for treating FIP, particularly in cases with CNS involvement?

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-infectious meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO)?

Which breed was necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) initially described in?

What is a key characteristic of the lesions associated with Necrotizing Leukoencephalitis (NLE)?

Which type of meningoencephalitis is characterized by granulomas often found in the brain stem?

Which of the following is a typical signalment characteristic for dogs affected by Necrotizing Encephalitis (NE)?

What is the primary characteristic of the lesions in dogs affected by Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis (SRMA)?

Which of the following breeds has a known predisposition for Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis (SRMA)?

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical sign associated with Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis (SRMA)?

What is a common initial treatment for most immune-mediated CNS disorders?

Besides prednisone, which of the following is used in the treatment protocols for immune-mediated CNS disorders?

What percentage of disorders causing multifocal brain disorder presentations in small animals are immune mediated?

Which of the following is true regarding multifocal brain disorders?

A dog presents with fever, lethargy, and cervical pain. CSF analysis reveals elevated protein and white blood cells. Which of the following is the MOST likely differential diagnosis, based solely on this information?

A veterinary neurologist is presented with multiple canine patients exhibiting neurological symptoms. Based on the information provided, which statement is MOST accurate?

An unvaccinated stray dog is brought in displaying acute behavioral changes, including aggression and disorientation. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step?

Lily arrives exhibiting lethargy, fever and pain. After some time, Lily begins presenting with a hunched back, and ultimately is transferred to neurology for assistance. Which of the following neurological conditions is the LEAST likely to contribute to these symptoms?

What is the typical course of CNS signs associated with canine distemper?

What is the primary mechanism by which rabies virus spreads within the host?

Why is serological testing not considered a reliable diagnostic tool for rabies in vaccinated animals?

What is the most common initial treatment for most immune-mediated CNS disorders, as indicated in the material?

Which of the following components is unique to modified live rabies vaccines, such as PureVax Feline Rabies?

When considering a diagnosis of Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis (GME), which of the following factors is LEAST likely to influence the prognosis?

In the context of multifocal brain disorders, which category is LEAST likely to be a direct cause but can exacerbate underlying conditions?

Which of the following statements best describes the role of viral load in the manifestation of neurological signs in canine distemper?

What is the reported success rate of GS-441524 (Obeldesivir) in treating cats with the nervous form of FIP?

Besides supportive care, which of the following medications is typically administered to address myoclonus in dogs with distemper?

What is the MOST crucial aspect of a patient's history to consider when evaluating a potential case of meningoencephalitis?

In a patient suspected of having a multifocal brain disorder, what is the MOST important initial diagnostic consideration?

What is the primary reason dogs and cats are included in the wildlife rabies reservoir in certain countries?

What is the MOST significant factor influencing the incubation period of the rabies virus?

What is the mechanism by which the rabies virus gains entry into the nervous system?

Why might an animal with rabies exhibit increased salivation?

What is the primary reason cats are statistically the most common domestic animal diagnosed with rabies on the East Coast?

What is the MOST common neurological sign seen in young dogs affected by the gray matter form of canine distemper?

A dog presents with twitching which is characterized by abrupt, shock-like movements. What specific term describes these clinical signs?

Why is it crucial to handle samples for canine distemper PCR testing with extreme care?

What is the known efficacy of specific antiviral medications in treating the CNS form of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?

What distinguishes necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) from granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) in terms of lesion distribution?

What cellular change is MOST commonly observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)?

What is the typical age range for dogs affected by steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)?

Why is additional immunosuppressive therapy typically added to the treatment plan for dogs with GME, NME, or SRMA?

Considering the approach to multifocal brain disorders, which factor would LEAST influence the decision to initiate immediate empiric antimicrobial therapy?

When evaluating a dog presenting with potential neurological signs of rabies, what historical detail would MOST increase suspicion for rabies, warranting extreme caution?

What is the MOST critical factor that determines the distribution and severity of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in canine distemper cases?

A cat presents with neurological signs suggestive of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), but the blood work is largely unremarkable. What action should the veterinarian perform?

What is the MOST important consideration when choosing between different immunosuppressive drugs for long-term management of non-infectious meningoencephalitis?

Which diagnostic finding is MOST consistent with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) in dogs?

A dog presents with a one-week history of progressive neurological signs, including seizures and behavioral changes. Which of the following differentials would be the LEAST likely, assuming the dog is fully vaccinated and lives in a suburban environment?

When diagnosing Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), which sign(s) is MOST specific to nervous system involvement?

Which of the following findings would be MOST suggestive of a diagnosis of rabies in a dog presenting with acute neurological signs?

A 6-month-old Yorkshire Terrier presents with seizures, progressive ataxia, and vision deficits. What is the MOST likely differential diagnosis given the breed and age?

When considering the prognosis for dogs diagnosed with non-infectious meningoencephalitis, which statement is MOST accurate?

You are presented with a confusing neurological case. Which step would be LEAST helpful in narrowing down a diagnosis of multifocal brain disease?

Which statement is MOST accurate regarding the typical treatment approach for dogs diagnosed with granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)?

What diagnostic technique is considered the gold standard for confirming a clinical diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) affecting the central nervous system ante-mortem (before death)?

Considering the zoonotic importance of rabies, what is the MOST appropriate course of action immediately following a confirmed diagnosis of rabies in a dog?

A veterinary neurologist diagnoses a patient with a multifocal brain disorder. The client asks if it could be genetic. How should the veterinarian respond?

What is the BEST initial treatment of a patient with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)?

Which of these is NOT a common condition seen with multifocal disorders?

Which is the WORST option for a prognosis?

If a DVM is presented with an animal that they suspect has Rabies, which should they NOT do due to extremely high risk?

A dog has potential steroid-responsive meningitis arthritis (SRMA). Which is the LEAST beneficial lab test?

Which condition may be LESS treatable long-term?

What is one of the MAIN organs involved in post-mortem rabies discovery?

What is a possible side effect of Procarbazine?

A veterinarian is treating a cat with FIP, but the owners mentioned that they did not want any type of experimental medicine. What should the DVM do?

Which factor is LEAST important when initially evaluating a dog from Louisiana post-hurricane for potential meningoencephalitis?

What is the MOST critical action to minimize false positives when performing PCR testing for canine distemper?

Which of these is NOT one of the main categories of disorders that can cause multifocal and diffuse brain disease?

What does 'multifocal' mean in the context of neurological disorders?

In a case of suspected rabies, what is the significance of the virus being 'neurotropic'?

How does the rabies virus typically enter the nervous system?

Why is travel history particularly important when assessing a patient for potential infectious meningoencephalitis?

What is a key difference between necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) in lesion distribution?

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the role of a veterinarian when rabies is suspected?

What neurological sign is MOST characteristic of the gray matter form of canine distemper in young dogs?

For which condition is periventricular contrast enhancement around the fourth and third ventricles on MRI MOST suggestive?

What is the MAIN goal of adding immunosuppressive medications (like cyclosporine or azathioprine) to the treatment plan for dogs with GME, NME, or SRMA?

What is the initial step a veterinarian should take when they suspect a dog may have rabies?

In a dog presenting with multifocal brain signs, which diagnostic result would MOST strongly suggest SRMA (steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis)?

What is the MOST common way Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) manifests in cats?

What is the MOST likely cause of a positive PCR test for distemper in a dog, if the test was not correctly performed by the lab technician?

In the context of rabies transmission, what role do domestic animals like dogs and cats play in certain countries such as India?

What is a common prodromal sign of rabies?

What is the typical signalment of a dog that's most likely to have steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA)?

Why might the rabies incubation period be shorter if the animal is bitten on the face, as opposed to the leg?

Which of the following best describes 'myoclonus' as it relates to canine distemper?

Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate initial treatment choice for a dog diagnosed with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA)?

What is the MOST important historical detail to consider when evaluating a dog with new onset aggressive behavior?

How has the approach to treating Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) changed in recent years?

When collecting CSF for analysis while investigating a possible case of meningoencephalitis, what is considered a positive result that confirms that there is a meningoencephalitis?

Why might a veterinarian consider empiric antimicrobial therapy in a patient presenting with a multifocal brain disorder?

When might West Nile Virus and Triple E be differentials in the Northeast region of the United States?

What does a dog in the wildlife reservoir look like?

What does post-mortem examination for rabies typically involve?

How has the geographic distribution of certain infectious diseases changed, and why?

What is a classic sign that has high suspicion of the animal having a FIP infection?

What is the most important thing to be concerned with if a dog is on Procarbazine long-term?

What can the clinic recommend to owners for cats diagnosed with FIP?

If the DVM wants to prevent Rabies, which is the MOST appropriate?

A dog presents with a hunched back and neck pain. Which of the following differentials would be the LEAST likely to contribute to these symptoms?

Upon necropsy of an animal that had rabies, what area will they evaluate?

What is a potential treatment option of seizures associated with the FIP infection?

What is MOST important for sample collection for PCR collection in cases of canine distemper?

How would one describe a dog with rabies?

If a dog is found to have SRMA at five years of age, is it the MOST appropriate to treat?

What is true of dogs with a multifocal brain disorder?

Which of the following is the MOST crucial piece of information to obtain when taking a history for a potential meningoencephalitis case?

If a dog presents with neurological signs indicative of multifocal brain disease, what should be the PRIMARY rule-out?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how rabies is believed to spread throughout the body?

Upon suspicion of a rabies case characterized by both furious and paralytic signs, what is the MOST important reason for immediate euthanasia and testing?

How does canine distemper typically manifest in older dogs, compared to younger dogs?

What is a critical consideration when collecting samples for canine distemper PCR testing to avoid false-positive results?

Which statement is MOST accurate regarding Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) and its diagnosis?

When interpreting MRI findings in a cat suspected of having FIP, what specific feature is MOST suggestive of CNS involvement?

A 6-month-old Bernese Mountain Dog presents with fever, neck pain, and stiff gait. Which condition should be HIGH on your differential list?

You are presented with a canine patient diagnosed with GME and are initiating immunosuppressive therapy. Which drug choice would be LEAST appropriate due to its propensity for cumulative, severe side effects?