Conditioning and learning
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Questions and Answers

Definition of learning

Permanent change in behaviour due to experience

What is associative learning?

Formation of simple associations among stimuli

What is cognitive learning?

Making use of information rich higher mental processing

What is reinforcement?

<p>Event that increases the probability of a response to recur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is consequences?

<p>Effects that follow a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is classical conditioning?

<p>Process by which an antecedent stimulus that does not produce a response is linked to one that does</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is operant conditioning?

<p>Process by which consequences of responding influences the likelihood of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neutral stimulus?

<p>Stimulus that does not evoke a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conditioned stimulus?

<p>Stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus and able to evoke a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unconditioned stimulus?

<p>Stimulus that can naturally evoke a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unconditioned response?

<p>Natural reflex response evoked by an unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned response?

<p>Learned response which has been conditioned by a conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acquisition?

<p>The training period in conditioning where a response is being strengthened</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is respondent reinforcement?

<p>When the US brings forth a response, whihc becomes associated with the CS</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is higher order conditioning?

<p>A conditioned stimulus is used to reinforce further learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is informational view?

<p>When organisms look for associations among events</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expectancy?

<p>Expectation about how events are interconnected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is extinction?

<p>Weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spontaneous recovery?

<p>Reappearance of a learned response following apparant extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What us stimulus generalizaiton?

<p>Tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar but not identical, to a conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus discrimination?

<p>The learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of effect?

<p>The probability of a response is based on what effect it gets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is response chaining?

<p>A linked chained of actions that leads to a reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is positive reinforcement?

<p>Response followed by a reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is negative reinforcement?

<p>Response followed by a removal of an unpleasant event</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is positive punishment?

<p>Any aversive consequences that follows a response and decreses the likelihood of the response to recur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is negative punishment?

<p>Removal of a positive reinforcer after a response is made</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primary reinforcer?

<p>Unlearned and natural, satisfy physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary reinforcer?

<p>Learned reinforcer which gains reinforcing properties when associated with a primaru reinforcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is feedback information?

<p>Info about the Effect of a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is knowledge of results?

<p>Info on whether the response was right or wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is knowledge of correct response?

<p>Info on what the correct response was supposed to be</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elaboration feedback?

<p>Additional info on the correct answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed ratio?

<p>Set number of correct responses must be made to gain a reinforcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is variable ratio?

<p>A varied number of correct responses must be made to gain a reinforcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed interval?

<p>Reinforcer given after a set amount of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is variable interval?

<p>Reinforcement for first correct response after a varied amount of time since the last reinforcement given</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive learning?

<p>Higher level learning involving thinking, knowing, understanding and anticipating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive map?

<p>Internal images or other mental representasions of an area for alternate paths to the same goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is latent learning?

<p>Occurs without obvious reinforcement and is hidden until reinforcement is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rote learning?

<p>Takes place mechanically through repetition or by learning a set of rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is discovery learning?

<p>Based on insight and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is observational learning?

<p>Learning by noting the consequences of the response of another person by watching or imitating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a model?

<p>Someone that is an example in observational learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is premack principle?

<p>Any high frequency response can be used to reinforce low frequency response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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