Podcast
Questions and Answers
When was Jose Rizal born?
When was Jose Rizal born?
June 19, 1861
Who was Jose Rizal's godfather?
Who was Jose Rizal's godfather?
What surname did Francisco Mercado choose for his family?
What surname did Francisco Mercado choose for his family?
Rizal
What was Teodora Alonzo Realonda's main contribution to her family?
What was Teodora Alonzo Realonda's main contribution to her family?
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Who was the eldest child in the Rizal family?
Who was the eldest child in the Rizal family?
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The seventh child in the Rizal family was named __________.
The seventh child in the Rizal family was named __________.
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Jose Rizal had a brother named Paciano.
Jose Rizal had a brother named Paciano.
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Match the following Rizal family members with their characteristics:
Match the following Rizal family members with their characteristics:
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What was the primary occupation of Francisco Mercado?
What was the primary occupation of Francisco Mercado?
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Teodora Alonzo Realonda was of Spanish and Japanese ancestry.
Teodora Alonzo Realonda was of Spanish and Japanese ancestry.
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What was the cause of death for Jose Rizal's sister Olimpia?
What was the cause of death for Jose Rizal's sister Olimpia?
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Study Notes
Birth and Early Life of José Rizal
- Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, and baptized three days later by Father Rufino Collantes.
- He was the seventh of eleven children of Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo Realonda.
Family Background
Francisco Mercado
- Born May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna; died January 5, 1898.
- Educated farmer with studies in Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose.
- Of Chinese descent; great grandfather Domingo Lam-co emigrated from Amoy, China.
- Became a tenant farmer on a Dominican estate after moving to Calamba.
- Married Teodora Alonzo Realonda on June 28, 1848.
- Adopted the surname Rizal in 1849, meaning “rice field” in Latin, after a decree on Hispanization.
Teodora Alonzo Realonda
- Born November 8, 1826, in Manila; died August 16, 1911.
- Highly educated, graduated from Colegio de Santa Rosa, adept in Spanish language.
- Interests included literature, culture, and business; helped in farming and child education.
- Lineage includes historical ties to Lakandula, and Japanese ancestry through great grandfather Eugenio Ursua.
- Family taken the surname Realonda following Governor Claveria's decree on naming changes.
Rizal Siblings
- Siblings included:
- Saturnina "Neneng" (1850-1913) - married Manuel Hidalgo.
- Paciano (1851-1930) - family caretaker and participant in the Philippine Revolution.
- Narcisa "Sisa" (1852-1939) - married Antonio Lopez, a school teacher.
- Olimpia "Ipian" (1855-1887) - married Silvestre Ubaldo, died during childbirth.
- Lucia (1857-1919) - married Mariano Herbosa who faced denial of burial due to ties with Rizal.
- Maria "Biang" (1859-1945) - married Daniel Faustino Cruz.
- José Protacio "Pepe" (1861-1896) - married Josephine Bracken.
- Concepcion "Concha" (1862-1865) - died at age three from illness.
- Josefa "Panggoy" (1865-1945) - an epileptic, lived as a spinster until age 80.
- Trinidad "Trining" (1868-1951) - inherited Rizal’s property, also a spinster.
- Soledad "Loleng" (1870-1929) - youngest sibling, married Pantaleon Quintero.
Childhood Environment
- Family home featured multiple rooms for genders and parents, with servant quarters.
- House included a large dining table and a big ceiling fan.
- Library contained over a thousand volumes of Latin and Spanish literature.
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