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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the Naylor-Shine tables?
Which parameter is adjusted in the modified BCG formula to estimate productivity gains?
When is it generally more beneficial to present utility gains in productivity terms rather than financial terms?
Which of the following is NOT part of Cronbach and Gleser's classification of decision problems?
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Why might a company consider using the Naylor-Shine tables?
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What does the variable 'rxy' in the productivity gain formula represent?
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Which aspect of test utility assessment is addressed by the BCG formula?
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What might be a consideration when tailoring job requirements to an applicant’s ability?
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What is the primary purpose of setting a cut score?
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What does the Angoff method primarily rely on for its calculations?
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In the Known Groups method, what is necessary for establishing a cut score?
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How does the Item Response Theory (IRT) framework define the level needed to pass a test?
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What type of cut score is characterized as an absolute benchmark for minimum proficiency?
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What is the main advantage of using multiple cut scores in a selection process?
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What is a potential issue that can arise when using the Angoff method?
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What does a relative cut score depend on for its determination?
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What is the primary purpose of utility analysis?
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What do the Taylor-Russell tables estimate?
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Which factors are considered in the Taylor-Russell tables?
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What does an expectancy table indicate?
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What is a key aspect of the Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser (BCG) formula?
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How is a high score on an experimental personnel test interpreted in an expectancy table?
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What does utility analysis NOT specifically focus on?
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What might lead to a reduction in utility according to utility analysis?
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Study Notes
Utility Analysis
- A family of techniques that perform a cost-benefit analysis to determine the usefulness and practical value of an assessment tool.
- Not a single technique but an umbrella term for various methods, each requiring specific data and yielding different outputs.
Naylor-Shine Tables
- Assists in judging the utility of a particular test by determining the increase in average score on some criterion measure through concurrent validation procedures.
Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser (BCG) Formula
- Can be used to estimate utility gains in financial terms.
- Can be modified to estimate utility gains in productivity terms.
Decision Theory and Test Utility
- Cronbach and Gleser (1965) presented a classification of decision problems, various selection strategies, a quantitative analysis of the relationship between test utility, selection ratio, cost of the testing program, and expected value of the outcome, and a recommendation that job requirements be tailored to the applicant’s ability, rather than the other way around.
Expectancy Data & Utility Analysis
- Expectancy tables provide an indication of the likelihood that a test taker will score within some interval of scores on a criterion measure.
- Can provide valuable information for decision-makers.
Taylor-Russell Tables
- Estimate the extent to which inclusion of a particular test in the selection system will improve selection.
- Provide an estimate of the percentage of employees hired by the use of a particular test who will be successful at their jobs, given different combinations of three variables: the test’s validity, the selection ratio used, and the base rate.
Methods for Setting Cut Scores
- The Angoff Method: Experts in the area provide estimates for test takers who have at least minimal competence for the position, indicating how many test items they should answer correctly.
- Known Groups Method: Data is collected for groups known to possess, and not possess, a trait, attribute, or ability of interest. A cut score is then set that best discriminates the two groups’ test performance.
- Item Response Theory (IRT-) Based Methods: In the IRT framework, each item is associated with a particular level of difficulty. A test taker must answer items that are deemed to be above some minimum level of difficulty, which is determined by experts and serves as the cut score.
- Edward L. Thorndike Method: A method of predictive yield.
Cut Scores
- A cut score is a numerical reference point derived as a result of a judgment and used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications, with some action taken or inference made based on these classifications.
- **Relative cut score (reference point or norm-referenced cut score): ** A cut score that is interpreted relative to a group norm.
- Fixed cut score (absolute cut score with reference to minimum level of proficiency): A cut score that is based on a minimum level of proficiency needed for a specific position.
- Multiple cut scores: Used for categorizing test takers based on two or more cut scores, such as in a multistage selection process where each predictor has its own cut score.
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Description
This quiz explores various techniques used in utility analysis, focusing on methods like Naylor-Shine Tables and the Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser formula. It investigates how these tools assist in assessing the practical value and productivity gains of testing instruments. Dive into decision theory's role in evaluating test utility as well.
