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Questions and Answers
What is the shape of the uterus in sagittal section?
What is the shape of the uterus in sagittal section?
What is the lower part of the cervix called?
What is the lower part of the cervix called?
What is the relation of the supravaginal part of the cervix to the ureter?
What is the relation of the supravaginal part of the cervix to the ureter?
What is the length of the cervix?
What is the length of the cervix?
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What is the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity called?
What is the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity called?
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What is the shape of the vaginal part of the cervix?
What is the shape of the vaginal part of the cervix?
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What is the base of the uterus formed by?
What is the base of the uterus formed by?
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What is the apex of the uterus formed by?
What is the apex of the uterus formed by?
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Which nerves are responsible for uterine contraction?
Which nerves are responsible for uterine contraction?
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What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on uterine blood vessels?
What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on uterine blood vessels?
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Pain sensations from the cervix are transmitted through which nerves?
Pain sensations from the cervix are transmitted through which nerves?
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What is the course of the uterine artery?
What is the course of the uterine artery?
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Where does the uterine artery cross the ureter?
Where does the uterine artery cross the ureter?
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What type of branches does the uterine artery give rise to?
What type of branches does the uterine artery give rise to?
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What is the function of radial arteries?
What is the function of radial arteries?
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What is the significance of the Mackenrodt’s ligament?
What is the significance of the Mackenrodt’s ligament?
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What is the primary function of the pubocervical ligaments?
What is the primary function of the pubocervical ligaments?
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Which of the following is a secondary support of the uterus?
Which of the following is a secondary support of the uterus?
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What is the normal position of the uterus?
What is the normal position of the uterus?
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Which structure is responsible for providing flexibility to the uterus?
Which structure is responsible for providing flexibility to the uterus?
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What is the function of the perineal body?
What is the function of the perineal body?
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Which of the following is a fibromuscular support of the uterus?
Which of the following is a fibromuscular support of the uterus?
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What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?
What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?
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Which ligament connects the uterus to the sacrum?
Which ligament connects the uterus to the sacrum?
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What is the function of the uterine plexus?
What is the function of the uterine plexus?
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How many intercommunicating networks are present in the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?
How many intercommunicating networks are present in the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?
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Where do the upper lymphatics from the fundus and upper part of the body drain into?
Where do the upper lymphatics from the fundus and upper part of the body drain into?
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What happens to the uterus during pregnancy?
What happens to the uterus during pregnancy?
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What happens to the uterus after parturition?
What happens to the uterus after parturition?
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What happens to the uterus in old age?
What happens to the uterus in old age?
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What is the characteristic of the cervix in fetal life?
What is the characteristic of the cervix in fetal life?
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What happens to the uterus during menstruation?
What happens to the uterus during menstruation?
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Where does the round ligament of the uterus begin?
Where does the round ligament of the uterus begin?
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What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?
What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?
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What is the Canal of Nuck a derivative of?
What is the Canal of Nuck a derivative of?
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What is the pouch of Douglas formed by?
What is the pouch of Douglas formed by?
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What do the broad ligaments and uterus form?
What do the broad ligaments and uterus form?
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What is the function of the broad ligaments?
What is the function of the broad ligaments?
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What is the classification of the Utero-vesical fold of peritoneum?
What is the classification of the Utero-vesical fold of peritoneum?
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What is formed by the peritoneal reflection from the posterior fornix of the vagina to the rectum?
What is formed by the peritoneal reflection from the posterior fornix of the vagina to the rectum?
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Study Notes
Cavity of the Uterus
- The cavity of the uterus is a vertical slit in sagittal section and triangular in coronal section.
- The base of the cavity is formed by the fundus, and the apex is formed by the internal os.
- The cavity communicates with the cervical canal through the internal os.
Endometrium
- The endometrium is the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity.
Cervix
- The cervix is the lower, cylindrical part of the uterus, lying below the level of the internal os.
- It is less mobile than the body of the uterus and is approximately 2.5 cm in length.
- The lower part of the cervix projects into the anterior wall of the vagina, dividing it into the supravaginal and vaginal parts.
Relations of the Cervix
- Anteriorly, the cervix is related to the base of the bladder.
- Posteriorly, it is related to the rectouterine pouch, with intestinal coils and rectum.
- On each side, it is related to the ureter.
Uterine Artery
- The uterine artery is attached to the Mackenrodt's ligament.
- It is also attached to the lower attached margin of the broad ligament.
Supports of the Uterus
- Primary supports: muscular, fibromuscular, and pelvic diaphragm.
- Secondary supports: broad ligaments, uterovesical fold, and rectovaginal fold.
Pelvic Diaphragm
- The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular support of the uterus.
Perineal Body
- The perineal body is a muscular support of the uterus.
Urogenital Diaphragm
- The urogenital diaphragm is a muscular support of the uterus.
Uterine Axis
- The uterine axis is normally anteverted and anteflexed.
- It begins at the lateral angle of the uterus and extends to the deep inguinal ring, then through the inguinal canal, and finally splits into thin filaments that merge with the areolar tissue of the labium majus.
Round Ligament of the Uterus
- The round ligament of the uterus is a secondary support that maintains the angle of anteversion.
Secondary Supports
- The secondary supports are classified as:
- Anterior false ligament (Utero-vesical fold of peritoneum)
- Posterior false ligament (Recto-vaginal fold of peritoneum)
- Broad ligaments
Utero-vesical Fold
- The utero-vesical fold is formed by the reflection of peritoneum from the anterior surface of the body of the uterus to the upper surface of the urinary bladder at the level of the isthmus.
Recto-vaginal Fold
- The recto-vaginal fold is formed by the peritoneal reflection from the posterior fornix of the vagina to the rectum, and it forms the pouch of Douglas.
Broad Ligament
- The broad ligament is a 2-fold peritoneal fold that suspends the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall.
- It divides the pelvic cavity into an anterior compartment for the bladder and a posterior compartment for the sigmoid colon and rectum.
Arterial Supply of the Uterus
- The uterine arteries are the main arteries supplying the uterus.
- They run medially towards the cervix, crossing the ureter above the lateral fornix of the vagina.
- They then run upwards through the broad ligament along the lateral border of the uterus with a tortuous course.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Uterus
- The lymphatic drainage of the uterus consists of 3 intercommunicating networks: endometrial, myometrial, and subperitoneal.
- These networks drain into the lymphatics on the side of the uterus, including the aortic nodes, superficial inguinal nodes, external iliac nodes, internal iliac nodes, and sacral nodes.
Age and Reproductive Changes
- In fetal life, the cervix is more elongated than the body of the uterus.
- At puberty, the uterus enlarges and the arbor vitae uteri appear.
- During menstruation, the uterus is slightly enlarged and more vascular.
- During pregnancy, the uterus is enormously enlarged due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
- After parturition, the uterus gradually involutes and returns to its nonpregnant size.
- In old age, the uterus becomes smaller in size, and the internal and external os are frequently obliterated.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the uterus anatomy, including the cavity, endometrium, and cervix. Learn about the structure and functions of each part.
