Questions and Answers
What is the term for 1,000 bytes?
What is the term for 1 million bytes?
What is the term for 1 billion bytes?
What does CPU stand for?
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What is the process of retrieving data from a storage device?
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What is the process of copying data to a storage device?
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To avoid losing data, you should have ______.
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Formatted hard disks have ___ and ___ that the system software uses to reference data locations.
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What is the brain of the computer?
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What are the electrical data roadways through which bits are transmitted?
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What is an expansion card that allows transmission of data over a cabled network?
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What part of the disk-drive mechanism transfers data between the computer and the disk?
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What are RAM chips critical for?
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Match the following operations with their types:
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How many bits make up 1 byte?
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What is the term for using molecules to create tiny machines for holding data and performing tasks?
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What tiny electronic device acts as an on/off switch?
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What is silicone used for in electronics?
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What does binary refer to in computer systems?
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What is the specialized processor used to manipulate 3D graphics?
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What does USB stand for?
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What format is used to hold prerecorded text, graphics, and sound?
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What is binary code made up of?
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What is another term for primary storage?
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Which device is not included on a computer's motherboard?
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What is used to hold data and instructions that will be used shortly by the CPU?
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What coding scheme is widely used on microcomputers?
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What unit is used to measure processing speed in microcomputers?
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What is the expansion bus specializing in graphics processing?
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What element is commonly used in making solid-state integrated circuits?
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What are high-speed areas that temporarily store data during processing?
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What is also called a USB drive or a keychain drive?
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What is cloud storage also called?
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The bus connects the computer's control unit and ALU.
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A machine cycle comprises the instruction cycle and execution cycle.
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Virtual memory is hard-disk space used to expand RAM capacity.
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Main memory is nonvolatile.
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A multicore processor is designed to let the operating system divide the work over more than one processor.
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Pipelining speeds up processing.
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USB can connect up to 127 devices.
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A petabyte is 1 quadrillion bytes.
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Online secondary storage services test your computer's RAM capacity.
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HDMI connections support both video and audio signals.
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ASCII is binary code that is most widely used on microcomputers.
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Study Notes
Data Measurement Units
- Kilobyte (KB) = 1,000 bytes; Megabyte (MB) = 1 million bytes; Gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes.
- A Byte consists of 8 bits.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Serves as the brain of the computer, executing instructions from programs.
- Functions include processing data and controlling other components in a computer system.
Data Operations
- Read: Retrieving data from a storage device.
- Write: Copying data to a storage device.
Data Management
- Backup files are crucial for preventing data loss.
Disk Storage Structure
- Formatted hard disks have tracks and sectors to organize data.
- Read/write heads are mechanisms transferring data between the computer and disk.
Networking Components
- Network Interface Card (NIC) enables data transmission over wired networks.
- USB (Universal Serial Bus) is the primary interface for connecting peripherals.
Memory Types
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is the main memory that affects computer performance.
- Virtual memory utilizes hard disk space to supplement RAM, expanding capacity.
Processing Concepts
- Arithmetical operations involve basic math functions (addition, subtraction, etc.).
- Logical operations involve comparisons (e.g., equal to, greater than).
- Gigahertz (GHz) measures processing speed in microcomputers.
Computing Technologies
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) primarily handles 3D graphics manipulation.
- Nanotechnology involves creating tiny machines for data storage and task execution.
Electronic Components
- Transistors act as on/off switches in electronic devices.
- Silicon is a key material in making semiconductor components and integrated circuits.
File Formats and Code
- CD ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) is used for pre-recorded data storage.
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a widely used coding scheme for representing text.
Storage Types
- Flash drive is also known as a USB drive or keychain drive.
- Cloud storage is referred to as online storage.
Other Technical Insights
- HDMI connections support both audio and video signals.
- Multicore processors enable workload distribution across multiple processing cores.
- Pipelining enhances processing efficiency through a streamlined instruction execution process.
True/False Statements
- Virtual memory expands RAM capacity by utilizing hard disk space (True).
- Main memory (RAM) is nonvolatile (False).
- USB can connect up to 127 devices (True).
- A petabyte equals 1 quadrillion bytes (True).
- High-speed temporary storage during processing is handled by registers.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 4 of 'Using Information Technology'. This chapter covers essential terms related to data measurements, CPU functions, and data processes. Perfect for reviewing key concepts in information technology.
