User Interface Design Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of post-task questionnaires?

  • To evaluate user interaction frequency
  • To analyze system responses during the task
  • To document user preferences in system design
  • To measure task difficulty and provide insights (correct)

    • Which of the following accurately describes the GOMS model?

  • A framework for analyzing system software architecture
  • A cognitive model identifying unnecessary user actions (correct)
  • A measurement tool for task success rates
  • A predictive model focusing on user preferences

    • Which cognitive processes are NOT associated with cognitive modeling?

  • Problem solving
  • Social interaction (correct)
  • Decision making
  • Learning

    • What does the 'G' in GOMS stand for?

    <p>Goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of user experience does Test Level Satisfaction primarily measure?

    <p>Perceived ease of use of the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the GOMS model when utilized for editing text?

    <p>Edit text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator is used to move text in the GOMS model for text editing?

    <p>Cut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of the GOMS model?

    <p>It does not account for users making errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method in the GOMS model for making a phone call involves contacting an existing user?

    <p>Contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does KLM-GOMS stand for in the context of predictive modeling?

    <p>Keystroke Level Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law provides a way of evaluating time without involving users directly?

    <p>Fitts' Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic accounted for in the GOMS models?

    <p>User errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does KLM predict the time to complete a task?

    <p>By summing the subtasks' times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of usability testing in software development?

    <p>To develop software with high usability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does A/B Testing compare?

    <p>Two versions of an ad strategy based on variable changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement is NOT part of gathering feedback during usability testing?

    <p>User demographics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the completion rate measured in usability testing?

    <p>By calculating the task time required to complete a task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a binary value of '1' signify in effectiveness measurement?

    <p>The task was completed successfully (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation would be used to calculate task time in usability testing?

    <p>Task Time = End Time - Start Time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the effectiveness percentage in usability testing?

    <p>It indicates how many users completed the task successfully (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of model is considered less expensive than user testing?

    <p>Cognitive and predictive models (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'N' represent in the time-based efficiency formula?

    <p>The total number of tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the result of a task for a user indicated in the formula?

    <p>If the task is not completed, it's zero. (B), If successfully completed, it's one. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the second task example, which user gave up without completing the task?

    <p>User 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to measure user satisfaction after task completion?

    <p>Standardized satisfaction questionnaires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the task level satisfaction questionnaires be administered?

    <p>Immediately after attempting a task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring effective time for each task?

    <p>To analyze completion rates and efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the time measurement if a user does not complete a task?

    <p>Time is measured until the user quits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'tij' in the efficiency formula?

    <p>The total time taken by each user for a task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total time taken to delete a file using Method A?

    <p>5.0s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does KLM stand for in the context of this content?

    <p>Keystroke-Level Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drawback of KLM?

    <p>It cannot account for learning time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take to perform a pointing operation according to the given time estimates?

    <p>0.5s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is likely to be slower for deleting a file?

    <p>Method A using a mouse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the operation 'K' represent in the context of KLM?

    <p>Performing a keystroke or click (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To improve the time estimates using KLM, which principle can be incorporated?

    <p>Fitts' Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operation is associated with the time of 0.4s in KLM?

    <p>Homing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time taken for each keystroke when using a keyboard?

    <p>1.2 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation requires the least amount of time?

    <p>Homing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hick's Law, what does it predict?

    <p>Time to select from multiple choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total time required to complete the following actions: tap to the first text box (1.2s), type 'Alex' (4 multiplications of 1.2s), tab to the second text box (1.2s), type 'Cairo' (5 multiplications of 1.2s)?

    <p>29.4 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Fitts' Law?

    <p>To predict the time needed to point at a target on screen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'A' represent in the Fitts' Law formula?

    <p>Distance to the target (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total time to complete the operation of tabbing to the first text box and typing in text if you tab once (1.2s) and type in a 4-character name (4 * 1.2s)?

    <p>8.4 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time for mental operations as indicated in the content?

    <p>1.35 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    A/B Testing

    A method for comparing two versions of a design, content, or feature to determine which performs better.

    Usability Testing

    Involves monitoring and measuring various aspects of user behavior and system performance to identify areas for improvement in usability and user experience.

    Effectiveness (Error Rate)

    Evaluates how effectively users can complete specific tasks within a system based on their successful completion rate. It measures users' success in completing tasks, identifying any obstacles or problems encountered, and analyzing areas for improvement.

    Efficiency (Task Time)

    Measures the time it takes for users to complete specific tasks within a system. It assesses the efficiency of the system's design, identifying potential slowdowns or confusing steps users need to take.

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    Satisfaction

    Involves assessing the level of user satisfaction with a system, taking into account factors such as user experience, ease of use, aesthetics, and overall enjoyment with the system.

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    Completion Rate Time

    Measures the percentage of participants who successfully complete a task within a specific time limit.

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    Time-Based Efficiency

    A metric for measuring the efficiency of a task based on the time taken and success rate of users completing it.

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    Effective Time

    The sum of the time spent by all users on a specific task, including time spent by users who fail to complete it.

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    Satisfaction Questionnaire

    A standardized measure of user experience, such as a questionnaire, used to gauge how satisfied users are after completing a task.

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    Task Level Satisfaction

    A specific measure of user satisfaction after a task, regardless of success or failure.

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    Cognitive Modeling

    A field of computer science focused on simulating human problem-solving and mental tasks, like learning, remembering, and decision-making, within a computer model.

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    GOMS Model

    A model that breaks down human interaction into goals, methods for achieving those goals, and individual steps (operators) with specific execution times.

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    GOMS Models

    A family of cognitive models that focus on analyzing how people use a system to achieve specific goals. They delve into the methods used, the individual steps (operators) involved, and how those steps are sequenced.

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    Selection Rule

    A method used in GOMS models, which analyzes how a user chooses among different methods or actions to achieve a specific goal. It explores the factors influencing a user's decision-making process.

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    Goal (GOMS)

    The first step in the GOMS model, where the user defines their overall objective or desired outcome.

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    Operators (GOMS)

    The specific actions or steps that a user takes to achieve their goal within the GOMS model.

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    Methods (GOMS)

    The different approaches or strategies a user can choose to achieve a goal in the GOMS model.

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    Selection Rules (GOMS)

    The rules that govern the user's selection between available methods in the GOMS model.

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    Keystroke-Level Model (KLM)

    A technique for predicting the time it takes to complete a user task by breaking it down into a series of subtasks and assigning time values to each one.

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    Hick's Law

    A law stating that the time required to select an item from a set of options increases with the number of options.

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    Fitts' Law

    A law that predicts the time required to move a pointer to a target, considering the distance to the target and the size of the target.

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    Homing Time

    The time it takes to move the hand from the keyboard to the mouse or vice versa, often considered a constant value in KLM calculations.

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    Keystroke Time

    The time it takes to perform a keystroke on a keyboard, mouse click, or button press, often considered a constant value in KLM calculations.

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    Pointing Time

    The time it takes to move the mouse pointer to a target on the screen, often considered a constant value in KLM calculations.

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    KLM for Delete File (Keyboard)

    The time it takes to delete a file using the keyboard, by selecting the file using the arrow keys and pressing the delete key.

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    KLM for Delete File (Mouse)

    The time it takes to delete a file using the mouse, by selecting the file, right-clicking, selecting 'delete' and clicking on the delete button.

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    KLM: Benefits and Drawbacks

    A simplified model that can predict task completion time based on pictures or ideas before an interface is built. However, it is not completely accurate due to factors like variable typing speed, errors, and learning time.

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    Fitts' Law Formula

    A formula used to calculate the time it takes to point to a target on a screen using Fitts' Law.

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    Keystroke

    A measurement in user interface design that represents the time required for a keystroke, mouse click, or button press.

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    Mental Operators

    A measurement in user interface design that represents the time spent by users thinking about a task.

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    Homing

    A measurement in user interface design that represents the time it takes to move a hand between the mouse and keyboard.

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    Pointing

    A measurement in user interface design that represents the time it takes to move the mouse pointer to a specific location on the screen.

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    Study Notes

    User Interface Design (UX/UI)

    • The UX/UI design process involves several stages: Understand, Research, Analyze, Sketch, Prototype, and Test.
    • The "Understand" stage focuses on understanding the problem, organizational objectives, and knowing the problem.
    • The "Research" stage includes conducting user research to learn about target users and user problems.
    • The "Analyze" stage involves analyzing user insights, creating user personas, performing affinity mappings, and creating empathy maps helping designers understand user needs.
    • The "Sketch" stage focuses on creating initial paper representations of the solution's design.
    • The "Prototype" stage involves creating UI mockups for the solution.
    • The "Test" stage focuses on conducting user testing to iterate and refine the design.

    Usability Testing

    • The key to building highly usable software is testing early and often.
    • Usability testing is crucial for identifying and fixing potential problems early in the development process.

    A/B Testing

    • A/B testing enables comparing two versions of an ad strategy by modifying variables like images, text, audience, or placement.
    • Each version is presented to a segment of the target audience to determine the most effective one.
    • Hypothesis testing should be conducted before selecting any variable for A/B testing.

    Conversion Rates (Example)

    • Variation A had a 26% conversion rate.
    • Variation B had an 18% conversion rate.

    Usability Metrics

    • Completion rate time: This measures the time taken by participants to successfully complete a given task. Measured by subtracting start time from end time.
    • Effectiveness (error rate): Calculated by assigning a '1' if the participant successfully completes a task and '0' otherwise. It's expressed as a percentage.
    • Efficiency (task time): Measures how efficiently participants complete tasks, essentially how long it takes.
    • Satisfaction: Measures user experience through standardized questionnaires, commonly done before, during, or after usability tests. This can be subdivided into Task-level satisfaction and Test-level satisfaction.

    Cognitive and Predictive Models

    • Cognitive models are less expensive than user testing, and are used to simulate human problem-solving and mental processes. These are methods that do not need actual users.
    • These models can help predict how users will interact with a system.
    • Examples of predictive models include KLM-GOMS, Fitts' Law, and Hick's Law.

    Keystroke-Level Model (KLM)

    • A quick and approximate method to estimate task completion time.
    • It breaks down tasks into sub-tasks with associated times.
    • Common operations in KLM analysis include keystrokes (K), pointing (P), homing (H), drawing (D), system response time (Sys), and mental operators (M).

    Fitts' Law

    • Predicts the time required to point at a target.
    • It considers factors like target size and distance.
    • Relevant in assessing how easy or difficult it is to interact with elements in a user interface.

    Hick's Law

    • Predicts decision-making time in selecting among multiple options.
    • The more options available, the longer the decision time is projected to be.
    • This is essential for interface design because it shows how to organize information to reduce the decision-making time for the user and improve functionality.

    Additional Information

    • Specific example calculations and exercises are provided
    • Multiple methods for evaluating user satisfaction during testing and design are discussed

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    Related Documents

    HCI Usability Measurement PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential stages of the UX/UI design process, including Understand, Research, Analyze, Sketch, Prototype, and Test. This quiz covers key aspects of usability testing and its importance in creating effective software. Test your knowledge on how each stage contributes to designing user-centered solutions.

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