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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are parts of the Erector Spinae group?
What is the action of the Erector Spinae Muscles?
Primary extensors of the vertebral column and head.
What is the origin of Iliocostalis lumborum?
Sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest.
What is the insertion of Iliocostalis lumborum?
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What is the insertion point of Iliocostalis thoracis?
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What is the origin of Longissimus thoracis?
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What is the insertion of Longissimus thoracis?
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What is the insertion of Spinalis thoracis?
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What is the origin of Spinalis cervicis?
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What is the insertion of Spinalis cervicis?
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Study Notes
Erector Spinae Muscles Overview
- Comprises three main muscle groups: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis, each with distinct regions (Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis).
- Functions primarily as extensors of the vertebral column and head, contributing to posture and movement.
Action of Erector Spinae Muscles
- Essential for straightening the back and returning to an upright position from flexion.
- Pulls the head posteriorly and assists in lateral bending of the vertebral column.
- Unilateral contractions help in turning the head towards the contracting side.
Iliocostalis Muscle Group
- Muscle segments include Iliocostalis Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis, each with specific origins and insertions.
Iliocostalis Lumborum
- Origin: Sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, and iliac crest.
- Insertion: Angles of the lower six or seven ribs.
Iliocostalis Thoracis
- Origin: Angles of the lower six ribs.
- Insertion: Angles of the upper six ribs and transverse process of C7.
Iliocostalis Cervicis
- Origin: Angles of ribs 3-6.
- Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6.
Longissimus Muscle Group
- Comprised of Longissimus Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis.
Longissimus Thoracis
- Origin: Blends with iliocostalis in the lumbar region; attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
- Insertion: Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and lateral to the tubercles of the lower nine or ten ribs.
Longissimus Cervicis
- Origin: Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae.
- Insertion: Transverse processes of C2-C6.
Longissimus Capitis
- Origin: Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower cervical vertebrae.
- Insertion: Posterior margin of the mastoid process.
Spinalis Muscle Group
- Includes Spinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis.
Spinalis Thoracis
- Origin: Spinous processes of T10 or T11 to L2.
- Insertion: Spinous processes of T1 to T8 (varies).
Spinalis Cervicis
- Origin: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 (sometimes T1 to T2).
- Insertion: Spinous process of C2 (axis).
Spinalis Capitis
- Origin: Usually blends with semispinalis capitis.
- Insertion: Joins with semispinalis capitis.
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