US Social Justice Movements

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Questions and Answers

What was the term used to describe the removal of government officials and workers suspected of being gay?

Lavender Scare (correct)

Rainbow Riot

Gay Purge

Red Scare

What was the outcome of the Korematsu case in 1944?

The Supreme Court ruled that the evacuation order was valid. (correct)

The case was sent back to a lower court for retrial.

The Supreme Court ruled that the evacuation order was unconstitutional.

The case was dismissed due to lack of evidence.

What was the main goal of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, founded in 1925?

To improve working conditions for female porters.

To create separate unions for Black and Filipino porters.

To reduce the number of porters on sleeping cars.

To fight for equal pay for Black and Filipino porters. (correct)

What was the main purpose of the Delano Grape Strike movement?

To promote the rights of farmworkers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988?

It granted reparations to Japanese Americans affected by the incarceration. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Title IX?

To prevent discrimination based on sex in education. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War?

Cuba was granted independence Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Jones-Shafroth Act?

It granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement?

A guest-worker program during World War II Signup and view all the answers

What led to the surge of Mexicans crossing the U.S. border?

The Mexican Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Mendez v. Westminster School District case?

It set a precedent for the Brown v. Board of Education case Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Hernandez v. State of Texas case?

It ruled that Mexican-Americans have equal protection under the law Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Zoot Suit Riots?

Youth fought back against sailors and servicemen Signup and view all the answers

What was the U.S. census finding in 1930?

Mexican immigrants had tripled in population Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Society for Human Rights and the Daughters of Bilitis?

They were prominent LGBTQ rights organizations Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Immigration and Nationality Act?

It put an end to immigration policies based on race and quota systems Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue raised by the attorneys in the Supreme Court case?

Discrimination, including the fact that no person of Mexican ancestry had served as juror in the county in 25 years Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of 'Operation Wetback' launched by President Dwight D. Eisenhower?

To deport over 1 million people Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 340-mile march led by Cesar Chavez in 1966?

It drew attention to the demands of grape growers Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Young Chicanos For Community Action (YCCA)?

To fight against inequality in schools and mainstream white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the phrase 'Viva la raza'?

It translated literally to 'Long live the race' Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue facing the Latino community in Los Angeles County in 1968?

Low graduation rates and high dropout rates Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)?

To advance the economic condition, educational attainment, political influence, housing, health, and civil rights of Hispanic Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Immigration Reform and Control Act signed by President Ronald Reagan in 1986?

It granted permanent legal status to 2.7 million long-term immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case involving President Barack Obama's 2014 executive immigration order?

The court was equally divided, resulting in a blocked order Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case involving the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program in 2020?

The court ruled in favor of the program, protecting immigrants who came to the country as children from being deported Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the island off San Francisco's coast during the Civil War?

A military reserve Signup and view all the answers

What was banned under the Immigration Act of 1917?

Immigrants from Asian countries Signup and view all the answers

Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt issue Executive Order 9066?

To intern Japanese Americans during World War II Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Korematsu v. United States case in 1944?

The Supreme Court upheld the validity of the evacuation order Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of May 7, 1843, and May 10, 1869?

The dates of the first Japanese immigrant's arrival and the completion of the transcontinental railroad Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the year 2012 in the context of American immigration?

It is the year when the DACA program was established under President Obama Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee?

To improve working conditions for Filipino farmworkers Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965?

An end to immigration policies based on ethnicity and race Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Page Act of 1875?

To prohibit the recruitment of laborers from China, Japan, and other Oriental countries Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Kinsey report in 1948?

It discussed male homosexuality and sexuality Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rock Springs Massacre in 1885?

The Chinese miners were awarded compensation for their losses Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Executive Order 10450 in 1953?

To ban homosexuals from working for the federal government Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868?

It has been the basis for landmark civil rights cases, including Brown v. Board of Education Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the case Tape v. Hurley in 1885?

The court ruled that Chinese immigrants were entitled to public education Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988?

It apologized for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Chinese Exclusion Act, signed into law in 1882?

It banned Chinese workers from entering the country and excluded Chinese immigrants from American citizenship Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Hells Canyon Massacre in 1887?

All three members of the gang stood trial, but were found not guilty by an all-white jury Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1898 in the context of American immigration?

It is the year when the Supreme Court ruled that people born in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S. even if parents are citizens of another country Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Angel Island Immigration Station, which opened in 1910?

It was a major port of entry for Asian immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rock Springs Massacre in terms of the Chinese miners?

They were forced to flee the area Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Stonewall Riots in New York City?

Over 400 people, including gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and straight people protested the police raid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Lawrence v. Texas Supreme Court decision in 2003?

It struck down a Kansas law that criminalized gay or lesbian sex. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Matthew Shepard case in 1998?

He was brutally attacked and died from his wounds. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first openly gay person to be elected as a state legislator in 1974?

Elaine Noble Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1962 in the history of gay rights?

Illinois became the first state to decriminalize homosexual acts between two consenting adults in private. Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' policy enacted in 1993?

A policy that allowed gay and lesbian people to serve in the military as long as they did not disclose their sexual orientation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Proposition 8 vote in California in 2008?

A proposition was passed declaring that marriage is between a man and a woman. Signup and view all the answers

In what year was homosexuality completely removed from the APA list of mental disorders?

1987 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Stonewall Riots in terms of the gay rights movement?

It was a pivotal, defining moment for gay rights. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Hollingsworth v. Perry Supreme Court decision in 2013?

The Supreme Court agreed that the petitioners had no legal standing to file the claim. Signup and view all the answers

What was the year when the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was passed by the U.S. Congress?

1996 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015?

The Court ruled that same-sex couples can marry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990?

To protect the rights of people with disabilities in all areas of public life. Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the event in 1990 where protesters with disabilities crawled up the stairs of the United States Capitol building?

The Capitol Crawl Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'Molly Pitcher' legend during the American Revolution?

It was a nickname for women who carried water to troops on the battlefield. Signup and view all the answers

What was the attitude towards women's roles in the emerging United States during the American Revolution?

Women should uphold the ideals of republicanism. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of organizations by and for people with disabilities in the 1800s?

They existed since the 1800s. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1940s in the history of disability rights?

A group of psychiatric patients came together to form We Are Not Alone. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1960s in the history of disability rights?

The National Association for Retarded Children (NARC) had tens of thousands of members. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of 2008 in the history of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

More changes were made to the ADA. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the women's protest for the cause of temperance in the 1870s?

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of women entering the workforce during World War I?

Women received higher wages and were reluctant to give them up. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary responsibility of the 'Republican Mother'?

To uphold the morality of her husband and children Signup and view all the answers

What was a key milestone for women's independence in 1920?

The passage of the 19th Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

The signing of the Declaration of Sentiments Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant development in the early 1920s regarding women's rights?

Margaret Sanger's strides in providing contraception to women. Signup and view all the answers

What was approved by the FDA on May 9, 1960?

The first commercially produced birth control pill. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harriet Tubman?

An American abolitionist and political activist Signup and view all the answers

What was the main theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?

The harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on June 10, 1963?

The Equal Pay Act. Signup and view all the answers

What was the occupation of the Grimké sisters?

Abolitionist lecturers and women's rights activists Signup and view all the answers

What was the main theme of Sojourner Truth's 'Ain't I a Woman?' speech?

The harsh realities of slavery and racism Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the temperance movement?

To prohibit alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention in the women's rights movement?

It sparked decades of activism, leading to the passage of the 19th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What was the main role of Harriet Tubman during the American Civil War?

She worked as a spy and scout for the Union Army Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Grimké sisters in the abolitionist movement?

They were the first nationally-known white American female advocates of abolition of slavery and women's rights Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chicano Civil Rights Movement

The Chicano Civil Rights Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s was a cultural and political movement led by Mexican-Americans, advocating for farm workers' rights, political rights, and access to higher education.

Discrimination and Immigration

The Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that the 14th Amendment also covers those of Mexican ancestry, in a case arguing against discrimination.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Operation Wetback" in 1954 was a mass deportation program that targeted Mexican immigrants, resulting in over 1 million people being deported.

Farm Workers' Rights

Cesar Chavez led a 340-mile march from Delano, California to the state capitol in Sacramento in 1966, drawing attention to the demands of grape growers and leading to the formation of the United Farm Workers union.
The Delano Grape Strike movement, inspired by Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, and Cesar Chavez, was a peaceful movement that aimed to improve the working conditions of farm workers.

Education and Activism

The Brown Berets, a Chicano activist group, fought against inequality in schools and mainstream white society, and created a newspaper called La Causa to raise awareness about the Chicano plight.
The East L.A. Walkouts in 1968 were a series of peaceful protests by Chicano students against inadequate teaching facilities and poor educational conditions.

LGBTQ+ Rights

The Society for Human Rights (1924) and the Daughters of Bilitis (1955) were two prominent LGBTQ+ rights organizations.
The Stonewall Riots in 1969, a pivotal moment in the LGBTQ+ rights movement, were a series of spontaneous protests against police brutality and discrimination towards LGBTQ+ individuals.
The first gay pride marches were held in 1970 in multiple cities across the United States, including San Francisco and Los Angeles.

Disability Rights

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990, prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.
The ADA was a culmination of decades of activism, including the "Capitol Crawl" protest in 1990, where individuals with disabilities dragged themselves up the steps of the US Capitol to highlight the need for accessibility.

Women's Rights

The concept of "Molly Pitcher" emerged during the American Revolution, referring to women who carried water to troops during the war and symbolizing the emerging role of women in the new republic.
The American Revolution also saw the emergence of a new attitude towards women's roles, emphasizing the need to raise daughters to uphold republican values and pass them on to the next generation.

Labor and Civil Rights

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, founded in 1925, was a union that fought for equal pay for Black and Filipino porters.
The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 granted reparations of $20,000 each to descendants of Japanese Americans affected by the Japanese Incarceration during World War II.

Immigration and Nationality

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished immigration policies based on race and quota systems, leading to a wave of Asian immigrants who had been previously barred from entry.
The Mexican Farm Labor Agreement, also known as the Bracero Program, was established in 1942 to allow short-term manual workers from Mexico to work in the United States, with basic protections and rights.

War and Colonization

The Spanish-American War (1898) marked the end of Spain's colonial power, with the US granting Cuba independence and ceding Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US.
Hawaii was also annexed during the war, with the US census finding Mexican immigrants to have tripled in population between 1910 and 1930.### Immigration and Asian American History
Angel Island, located 6 miles off San Francisco's coast, was a military reserve during the Civil War and later became an immigration station, known as the "Ellis Island of the West".
The island was used to quarantine immigrants without proper documentation, often in a "prison-like environment", until it was closed in 1940.
The Immigration Act of 1917 included an "Asiatic Barred Zone", banning immigrants from various Asian countries, including China, Asian Indians, Burmese, Thai, and Malays.
Japan was not included in the ban due to existing prohibitions, and the Philippines was exempt as it was a U.S. territory.
Following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, forcing over 120,000 Japanese Americans into internment camps.
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the government in Korematsu v. United States (1944), upholding the evacuation order.

Civil Rights and Equality

The 14th Amendment (1868) guarantees citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 provided reparations and a formal apology to surviving Japanese Americans interned during World War II.
The Hart-Celler Act (1965) ended immigration policies based on ethnicity and race, leading to a wave of Asian immigrants entering the United States.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned employment discrimination based on race, sex, and other characteristics.
The Equal Pay Act (1963) prohibited sex-based wage discrimination.

Women's Rights

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed in the 1870s, becoming a major organization advocating for temperance and women's rights.
The 19th Amendment (1920) granted women the right to vote.
The FDA approved the first commercially produced birth control pill in 1960, allowing women to control their reproductive choices.
The Equal Pay Act (1963) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964) protected women's rights in the workplace.

Key Figures and Events

Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist who escaped slavery, helped hundreds of others escape through the Underground Railroad, and fought for women's suffrage.
Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American author and abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a influential novel that depicted the harsh conditions of slavery.
The Grimké sisters, Sarah and Angelina, were early advocates of abolition and women's rights, and founded a private school.
Sojourner Truth delivered her famous "Ain't I a Woman?" speech at the Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio in 1851, advocating for women's rights and abolition.
The Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was the first women's rights convention, organized by women, and led to decades of activism for women's rights.

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Test your knowledge on significant social justice movements in the United States, including the Lavender Scare, Japanese American internment, disability rights, women's liberation, and labor movements.