REAL Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

Which period saw the most rapid increase in U.S. housing prices due to subprime lending and speculative buying?

  • 2012-2020
  • 2007-2012
  • 2000-2007 (correct)
  • 1975-2000
  • During the period of 2007-2012, what was the primary behavior of the U.S. housing market?

  • Widespread boom
  • Collapse (correct)
  • Steady Growth
  • Rapid Inflation
  • Which of the following states did not experience the largest housing price increases during the boom from 2000 to 2006?

  • Texas (correct)
  • California
  • All the above experienced significant increases
  • Florida
  • Over the entire 2000-2017 period, which metro area experienced the largest increase in housing prices?

    <p>San Francisco Bay Area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were the 10 weakest housing markets primarily located between 2000 to 2017?

    <p>Midwest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT considered a form of real estate as tangible property?

    <p>Intangible assets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In real estate, what is primarily determined within the user market?

    <p>Property rent and market income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a key determinant of real estate's value?

    <p>Property taxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an easement in gross?

    <p>An easement that benefits an individual or entity, rather than a specific piece of land. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A property owner has given a neighbor the right to drive across their land to access a public road. Which type of easement has been created for the neighbor's property?

    <p>Easement appurtenant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples would describe a negative easement?

    <p>Restricting a land owner from constructing a building that would block the view of a neighboring property. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A property owner discovered that their neighbor had been openly using a portion of his land as a shortcut for the statutory time. To protect their ownership rights, what is the easiest action the landowners could have taken to stop this action?

    <p>State that they did not accept their ownership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations could lead to the termination of an easement?

    <p>A written agreement between the dominant and servient estates to terminate the easement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deed placed restrictions on a property specifying that it cannot be used for commercial purposes. What is this type of restriction called?

    <p>A deed restriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bank holds a lien against a homeowner's property, specifically as collateral for a mortgage loan. What type of lien is this?

    <p>Specific Lien (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A property has multiple liens filed against it, from a mechanic's lien, a tax lien, and a second mortgage. When the property is sold, how will the order of payment for the liens be determined?

    <p>By state laws that set priority of specific liens (e.g., taxes). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a valid deed in terms of presence?

    <p>A witness acknowledging the deed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of covenants in a deed?

    <p>They serve as legally binding promises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between a general warranty deed and a special warranty deed?

    <p>General warranty deeds include guarantees for prior defects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a grantor be in order to convey property through a deed?

    <p>Legally competent and of age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the habendum clause in a deed define?

    <p>The type of interest being conveyed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which covenant guarantees the property is free from undisclosed encumbrances?

    <p>Covenant Against Encumbrances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a deed to be acknowledged and delivered, what must be observable?

    <p>Intent for the deed to be given to the grantee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the grantor of a deed?

    <p>Must be the property's original owner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of real estate reflects the long time it takes for investment ideas to come to fruition?

    <p>Long gestation period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'lumpiness' refer to in real estate?

    <p>Real estate is developed in chunks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of property rights?

    <p>Non-revocable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of estate grants the most complete set of rights in real property?

    <p>Fee simple absolute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic of real estate known as 'durability' implies which of the following?

    <p>Real estate exists for an extended time and supply is inelastic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'immobility' in real estate?

    <p>Real estate is fixed in location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of nonpossessory interest in real estate?

    <p>Easement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tenancy allows a tenant to occupy property without a formal agreement but is not set to expire on a set date?

    <p>Tenancy at will (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the seller's responsibility under a Special Warranty Deed?

    <p>Guaranteeing no title defects or encumbrances arose during their ownership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Judicial Deed?

    <p>To transfer property ownership under court supervision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would a Quitclaim Deed most likely be used?

    <p>Transferring property between family members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a condition needed to claim property through Adverse Possession?

    <p>Sharing the land with the true owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary description method used in the Government Rectangular Survey System?

    <p>Subdivisions and lot numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sections are contained within one township in the Government Rectangular Survey System?

    <p>36 sections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of property description is known for its flexibility and oldest usage?

    <p>Metes and Bounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is part of the definition of a Quarter Section?

    <p>Divided into 4 equal parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a fixture in real property?

    <p>A piece of personal property permanently affixed to real property. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if something is a fixture?

    <p>The method of acquisition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between possessory and nonpossessory interests in property?

    <p>Possessory interests allow occupation, while nonpossessory do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of estate is characterized by an indefinite duration?

    <p>Freehold estate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a fee simple conditional estate if the specific conditions are violated?

    <p>The property reverts back to the grantor or a specified party. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leasehold interest automatically renews after a specified period?

    <p>Periodic tenancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between reverter interest and remainder interest?

    <p>Reverter interest depends on a condition being broken, remainder interest pertains to inheritance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an easement appurtenant from an easement in gross?

    <p>Easement appurtenant is linked to the land, easement in gross is not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    US Housing Market 1975-2000

    The period from 1975 to 2000 saw a consistent rise in US housing prices. This was fueled by population growth and overall inflation.

    US Housing Market 2000-2007

    Between 2000 and 2007, housing prices experienced a dramatic boom. This was driven by subprime lending and speculative buying, where people invested in homes hoping for quick profits.

    US Housing Market 2007-2012

    The years from 2007 to 2012 marked a sharp decline in US housing prices. This was a direct result of the bursting of the housing bubble, leading to a significant drop in value.

    US Housing Market 2012-2020

    After the downturn, the US housing market began to recover between 2012 and 2020. This period saw housing prices gradually increasing as the economy stabilized and people started buying again.

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    US Housing Market 2020-2025

    From 2020 to 2025, the US housing market experienced a surge in prices, often referred to as a boom. This was influenced by the pandemic, low interest rates, and a high demand for homes.

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    User Market - Real Estate Value

    The user market determines the value of property rent and income. It's all about the supply and demand of space, impacting the cash flow of a property.

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    Tangible Property Forms

    Tangible property can take three forms: surface (including fixtures), subsurface (underground), and air (above ground).

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    Capital Market - Real Estate Value

    The capital market determines the investment value of real estate. This involves analyzing factors like interest rates, risk, and return on investment.

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    Possessory Interest

    The right to use, occupy, and control real property. This includes benefits like living on the land, renting it out, or extracting resources.

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    Nonpossessory Interest

    The right to use or control a property without possessing it, like an easement.

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    Fixture

    Personal property that becomes attached to real property and is considered part of the land. It might be a cabinet fixed to a wall or a built-in bookcase.

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    Fee Simple Absolute

    A type of freehold estate where the owner has complete ownership and can sell, transfer, or will the property without restrictions.

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    Fee Simple Conditional

    A type of freehold estate where ownership is subject to certain conditions. If the condition is violated, the property may revert back to the grantor.

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    Easement Appurtenant

    A type of easement that benefits a specific piece of land. For example, a driveway easement that allows access to a neighboring property.

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    Easement in Gross

    A type of easement granted to a specific person or entity, not a particular property. For example, a utility company easement to access power lines.

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    Easement

    A right to use another's land for a specific purpose. It grants limited access or rights to use a portion of the land.

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    Real Estate Market: Capital and User Market

    The combined forces of the capital market (investors seeking returns) and the user market (people needing space) determine the value of real estate.

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    Long Gestation Period

    The time it takes to plan, secure financing, and construct a real estate project. This extended timeframe makes real estate vulnerable to market fluctuations.

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    Lumpiness

    Real estate is typically developed and traded in large, indivisible units, such as entire buildings or tracts of land. This 'lumpiness' can lead to imbalances between supply and demand.

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    Durability

    Built structures and land are durable, lasting for decades. This creates challenges in reducing supply quickly when markets weaken, leading to prolonged downturns.

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    Possessory Rights: Freehold Estate

    The legal right to occupy and use a property, lasting indefinitely and without limitations on rights. This includes the most complete set of rights, providing ownership and control.

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    Possessory Rights: Life Estates

    Limited ownership rights tied to a specific person's lifetime, often paired with a 'remainder interest' that transfers the property to another individual after the lifetime owner's death.

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    Possessory Rights: Leasehold Estates

    Ownership rights grant use but not permanent possession. These are temporary, granted by a lease agreement, with varying terms and conditions.

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    Nonpossessory Rights

    Legal rights that do not involve occupying the property, granting limited access or use without exclusive possession. Examples include easements, liens, deeds.

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    Dominant Parcel

    The parcel of land that benefits from the easement.

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    Servient Parcel

    The parcel of land that is burdened by the easement.

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    Affirmative Easement

    An easement that allows the holder to use the servient property in some way.

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    Negative Easement

    An easement that restricts the owner of the servient property from doing something.

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    Special Warranty Deed

    The seller guarantees that no title defects or encumbrances arose only during their period of ownership.

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    Judicial Deed

    Transfers ownership in court-ordered sales. Used when a property is sold under court supervision, such as in foreclosures, tax sales, or estate settlements. Ensures the legal transfer of ownership when the original owner cannot or will not sign a deed.

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    Quitclaim Deed

    Does not convey or guarantee ownership of property - simply for paper trail. Common Uses: Family transfers, divorce, trusts, title corrections

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    Adverse Possession

    Property acquired through open, continuous, and hostile possession for a specified period (usually 10-21 years).

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    Actual Possession

    A physical use of the property, visible to others and not hidden

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    Metes and Bounds

    Property boundaries are described using physical landmarks, distances, and compass directions.

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    Government Rectangular Survey System

    A system of dividing land into townships, sections, and quarter sections based on a grid system.

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    Townships and Sections (Government Rectangular Survey System)

    Divides the map into a series of 6 by 6 mile townships (36 square mile area). Each township is further divided into 36 sections, each 1 mile squared.

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    Deed

    A legal document that transfers ownership of real property from one person to another.

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    Covenants

    Legally binding promises made by the grantor in a deed, ensuring the grantee that the property is free from undisclosed issues.

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    Covenant of Seizin

    The grantor has a valid title and the right to convey it to the grantee.

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    Covenant Against Encumbrances

    No liens, easements, or other encumbrances on the property, unless disclosed to the grantee.

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    Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment

    The grantee can possess and enjoy the property without interference from others claiming ownership.

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    Habendum Clause

    A clause in a deed that defines the type of interest being transferred to the grantee. (e.g., easement, fee simple conditional, fee simple absolute)

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    General Warranty Deed

    A deed where the grantor guarantees that the title is free from defects and encumbrances, regardless of when they occurred, even before the grantor owned the property.

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    Study Notes

    U.S. Housing Market Since 1975

    • 1975-2000: Steady increase in housing prices due to inflation and population growth.
    • 2000-2007: Rapid rise in housing prices, fueled by subprime lending and speculative buying.
    • 2007-2012: Housing market collapse.
    • 2012-2020: Housing market recovery, with values increasing.
    • 2020-2025: Widespread boom driven by pandemic and low interest rates.

    Metropolitan Housing Price Increases (2000-2006)

    • Largest increases concentrated in California and Florida.
    • High demand, speculative investments, and favorable climate/demographics contributed to the rapid growth.

    Housing Market Collapse (2006-2011)

    • Texas had the strongest markets during the collapse.
    • Other factors affecting Texas markets that made them less susceptible to the national downturn are unknown.

    Largest Housing Price Increase (2000-2017)

    • The San Francisco Bay Area experienced the largest increase in housing prices during this period.

    Weakest Housing Markets (2000-2017)

    • The Midwest had the 10 weakest housing markets during this time frame.

    Introduction to Real Estate

    • Three forms of tangible real estate: Surface, subsurface, and air.
    • User market value determinant: Property rent and market income.
    • Capital market value determinant: Expected returns of real estate investments.
    • Key characteristic of real estate influenced by location: Real estate is a combination of capital and user markets, ultimately determining its value/price.
    • Characteristics of real estate: Long gestation period, lumpiness, durability, immobility, heterogeneity, and interdependent nature.
    • Possessory rights: Property title, occupancy, indefinite duration.
    • Freehold estates: Fee simple absolute, fee simple conditional, and life estates.
    • Leasehold estates: Tenancy for years, periodic tenancy, tenancy at will, and tenancy at sufferance.
    • Nonpossessory rights: Easements, liens, and deeds.
    • Three characteristics of rights: Government obligation to support and enforce rights, non-revocable nature, and enduring nature.
    • Fundamental rights to real property: Right of exclusive possession, right of enjoyment, and right of disposition.
    • Fixture: Personal property that has been annexed to real property, considered part of the real property.
    • Fixture tests: Intent of the seller and attachment to surrounding property.
    • Affirmative vs. negative easements: Affirmative allows use of property, negative restricts use.
    • Easement creation methods: Express grant, implication, and prescription.
    • Easement termination methods: Agreement, merger, and abandonment.
    • Deed restrictions: Limits on how a property can be used (e.g., no alcohol, no commercial use), isolated deed restrictions, and subdivision covenants.
    • Lien types: General and specific.
    • Lien payment order: Property tax liens, mortgages, judgments, and then chronologically.
    • Types of deeds: General warranty deeds and special warranty deeds. Judicial deeds are used when court-ordered sale occurs. Quitclaim deeds do not guarantee ownership and are mainly used for paperwork/transfers.
    • Adverse possession conditions: Actual, open, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession.
    • Legal descriptions of land: Metes and bounds, subdivision plat books, and government rectangular survey systems.

    Deeds and Property Descriptions

    • What is a deed? Contract to transfer ownership of real property.
    • Grantor vs. Grantee: Grantee receives property.
    • Covenants' role: Legal promises impacting real estate transactions.
    • Primary covenants in deeds: Seizin (ownership), against encumbrances (no liens/claims), and quiet enjoyment (no superior claims).
    • Habendum clause's role: Defines the type of interest transferred in a deed.
    • Deed acknowledgment and delivery: Observable, verifiable intent of the deed transfer.
    • General vs. special warranty deeds: General warranty protects against any title defects, while special warranty only protects against defects arising during the grantor's ownership.

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    Description

    Explore the fluctuations in the U.S. housing market from 1975 to 2025. This quiz covers key periods including the housing boom, collapse, and recovery phases, as well as regional price trends. Test your knowledge on how various economic factors have influenced housing prices over the decades.

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