Questions and Answers
What does Reconstruction refer to?
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
A federal agency that helped freed slaves and relieve the South's immediate needs.
Who was Andrew Johnson?
U.S. president after Lincoln, almost impeached by the Radical Republicans.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
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Who were the Radical Republicans?
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Impeachment is the political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law.
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What does the Fourteenth Amendment establish?
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What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
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What was the Ku Klux Klan?
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What is de jure segregation?
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What is a cash crop?
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What was the Farmers' Alliance?
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibit?
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What is a reservation?
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What occurred during the Sand Creek Massacre?
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Who was Sitting Bull?
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What happened during the Battle of Little Big Horn?
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Who was Chief Joseph?
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What does it mean to assimilate?
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What was the Dawes General Allotment Act?
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What is a vigilante?
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What is a Transcontinental Railroad?
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What is a land grant?
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What is the open-range system?
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What was the Homestead Act?
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What does Exoduster refer to?
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What is a redeemer?
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What is sharecropping?
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What is Manifest Destiny?
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Study Notes
Reconstruction Era
- Aimed to reintegrate Southern states into the Union following the Civil War.
- Included significant amendments aimed at expanding civil rights for freed slaves.
Freedmen's Bureau
- Federal agency established to assist freed slaves and address Southern needs post-war.
- Provided food, housing, education, and medical care.
Andrew Johnson
- Became U.S. President after Lincoln's assassination.
- Faced near impeachment due to conflicts with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction policies.
Thirteenth Amendment
- Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.
Radical Republicans
- Political faction advocating for severe consequences for Southern states after the Civil War.
- Pushed for civil rights legislation and protection for freedmen.
Impeachment
- Constitutionally defined process to remove a president or other federal official from office due to wrongdoing.
Fourteenth Amendment
- Constitutional amendment granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves.
Fifteenth Amendment
- Constitutional amendment ensuring that African American men had the right to vote.
Ku Klux Klan
- White supremacist group established in the 1860s to intimidate and Control newly freed African Americans.
- Also targeted immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.
De jure segregation
- Systematic separation of races enforced by law.
Cash crop
- Agricultural products grown for direct sale in the market, e.g., cotton and tobacco.
Farmer's Alliance
- Organization formed in the late 1870s advocating for improved economic conditions for farmers.
- Sought reductions in railroad rates and changes in monetary policy.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
- Law prohibiting racial discrimination in public accommodations.
- Ultimately deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Reservation
- Designated land set aside specifically for Native American tribes.
Sand Creek Massacre
- 1864 attack on a Cheyenne village by Colorado militiamen, resulting in over 200 deaths.
Sitting Bull
- Chief of the Lakota Sioux who played a key role in the victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Battle of the Little Bighorn
- Notable 1876 conflict where General Custer's forces were defeated by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
Chief Joseph
- Leader of the Nez Perce tribe, known for his resistance to U.S. government policies, fleeing to Canada with his tribe.
Assimilate
- Process of individuals or groups adopting the cultural norms of another group.
Dawes General Allotment Act
- 1887 legislation that divided Native American communal lands into individual plots for farming.
Vigilante
- Individual or group assuming law enforcement roles without official authority.
Transcontinental Railroad
- Railroad completed in 1869, linking the East and West coasts of the United States.
Land grant
- Government-allocated land, often used to encourage settlement and development.
Open-range system
- Cattle ranching approach allowing livestock to roam freely across unfenced land, with boundaries known to ranchers.
Homestead Act
- 1862 law providing 160 acres of free land to settlers approving to improve and occupy it for five years.
Exoduster
- African Americans who relocated from the South to the West in search of better opportunities after the Civil War.
Redeemer
- Southern Democrats who sought to restore pre-Civil War social norms and power structures.
Sharecropping
- System where landowners provided land to poor workers who would farm it in exchange for a share of the crops.
Manifest Destiny
- Belief that it was America's divine right and duty to expand across the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.
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Test your knowledge of the key concepts from the Reconstruction era in U.S. history with these flashcards. Explore important terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Andrew Johnson, and the Thirteenth Amendment to deepen your understanding of this pivotal time in American history.