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The Know-Nothing Party emerged as an anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movement in the 1850s.
The Know-Nothing Party emerged as an anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movement in the 1850s.
True
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 upheld the Missouri Compromise.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 upheld the Missouri Compromise.
False
The Republican Party was founded in 1854 primarily to support the expansion of slavery.
The Republican Party was founded in 1854 primarily to support the expansion of slavery.
False
The violent clashes in Kansas were referred to as 'Bleeding Kansas'.
The violent clashes in Kansas were referred to as 'Bleeding Kansas'.
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Lincoln's Peoria Speech criticized the morality of restricting slavery.
Lincoln's Peoria Speech criticized the morality of restricting slavery.
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John Brown was a prominent abolitionist who became a martyr after leading a raid at Harpers Ferry.
John Brown was a prominent abolitionist who became a martyr after leading a raid at Harpers Ferry.
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The Dred Scott decision denied Black citizenship according to the Supreme Court ruling in 1857.
The Dred Scott decision denied Black citizenship according to the Supreme Court ruling in 1857.
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Lincoln's victory in the sectional election of 1860 had no impact on Southern secession.
Lincoln's victory in the sectional election of 1860 had no impact on Southern secession.
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The collapse of the Whig Party was primarily due to internal disagreements over the issue of slavery.
The collapse of the Whig Party was primarily due to internal disagreements over the issue of slavery.
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The term 'popular sovereignty' refers to the voting process that allowed territories to decide on slavery.
The term 'popular sovereignty' refers to the voting process that allowed territories to decide on slavery.
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Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address focused on war efforts and the abolition of slavery.
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address focused on war efforts and the abolition of slavery.
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The Freedmen's Bureau was established in 1875.
The Freedmen's Bureau was established in 1875.
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Andrew Johnson preferred a lenient approach towards the South during Presidential Reconstruction.
Andrew Johnson preferred a lenient approach towards the South during Presidential Reconstruction.
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Radical Reconstruction involved the use of federal troops to ensure civil rights.
Radical Reconstruction involved the use of federal troops to ensure civil rights.
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The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into three military districts.
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into three military districts.
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The conflict between Presidential and Radical Reconstruction was minor and did not affect the outcome.
The conflict between Presidential and Radical Reconstruction was minor and did not affect the outcome.
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The Freedmen's Bureau had substantial success in its initiatives.
The Freedmen's Bureau had substantial success in its initiatives.
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Lincoln called for 'malice toward none' in his Second Inaugural Address.
Lincoln called for 'malice toward none' in his Second Inaugural Address.
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Black Codes were implemented during the Radical Reconstruction period.
Black Codes were implemented during the Radical Reconstruction period.
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The 14th Amendment was required for Southern states to rejoin the Union under the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
The 14th Amendment was required for Southern states to rejoin the Union under the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
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Andrew Johnson was acquitted in the Senate by two votes.
Andrew Johnson was acquitted in the Senate by two votes.
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Carpetbaggers were Southern whites who opposed Reconstruction.
Carpetbaggers were Southern whites who opposed Reconstruction.
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Redeemers aimed to restore Reconstruction and promote civil rights.
Redeemers aimed to restore Reconstruction and promote civil rights.
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The KKK Act of 1871 was designed to combat violence and protect civil rights.
The KKK Act of 1871 was designed to combat violence and protect civil rights.
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The Colfax Massacre resulted in the deaths of over 100 white militia members.
The Colfax Massacre resulted in the deaths of over 100 white militia members.
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The 1876 election dispute was resolved in favor of Samuel Tilden.
The 1876 election dispute was resolved in favor of Samuel Tilden.
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Scalawags were Northerners who moved to the South and supported Reconstruction.
Scalawags were Northerners who moved to the South and supported Reconstruction.
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Violence during Reconstruction was primarily intended to reinforce civil rights.
Violence during Reconstruction was primarily intended to reinforce civil rights.
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The KKK Act temporarily suppressed Klan activity and illustrated the enforcement challenges during Reconstruction.
The KKK Act temporarily suppressed Klan activity and illustrated the enforcement challenges during Reconstruction.
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Carpetbaggers played significant roles in rebuilding the South.
Carpetbaggers played significant roles in rebuilding the South.
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The Compromise of 1850 included California as a free state.
The Compromise of 1850 included California as a free state.
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The Civil War is often referred to as the first Traditional War.
The Civil War is often referred to as the first Traditional War.
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Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty offered pardon to Union soldiers.
Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty offered pardon to Union soldiers.
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The Wade-Davis Bill was a lenient plan for Southern reintegration.
The Wade-Davis Bill was a lenient plan for Southern reintegration.
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The 15th Amendment granted African-American men the right to vote.
The 15th Amendment granted African-American men the right to vote.
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The Emancipation Proclamation was issued after the Battle of Antietam.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued after the Battle of Antietam.
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The Freedmen’s Bureau was supported by President Johnson.
The Freedmen’s Bureau was supported by President Johnson.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was upheld by Lincoln.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was upheld by Lincoln.
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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
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Lincoln believed the Union was based on the principle of inequality.
Lincoln believed the Union was based on the principle of inequality.
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Lincoln believed that the survival of the Union depended on aligning the Constitution with the moral foundation of the Declaration.
Lincoln believed that the survival of the Union depended on aligning the Constitution with the moral foundation of the Declaration.
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Alexander Stephens claimed that slavery was an unnatural condition in his 'Cornerstone Speech'.
Alexander Stephens claimed that slavery was an unnatural condition in his 'Cornerstone Speech'.
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The Confiscation Acts allowed the Union to seize Confederate property, including enslaved people.
The Confiscation Acts allowed the Union to seize Confederate property, including enslaved people.
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The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed all enslaved people in the United States.
The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed all enslaved people in the United States.
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Lincoln’s re-election in 1864 was supported by his popularity due to Union victories.
Lincoln’s re-election in 1864 was supported by his popularity due to Union victories.
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The Confiscation Acts were significant as they paved the way for the 15th Amendment.
The Confiscation Acts were significant as they paved the way for the 15th Amendment.
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The Emancipation Proclamation also allowed for the enlistment of Black soldiers into the Union forces.
The Emancipation Proclamation also allowed for the enlistment of Black soldiers into the Union forces.
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Stephens' 'Cornerstone Speech' supported the idea of equality as described in the Declaration of Independence.
Stephens' 'Cornerstone Speech' supported the idea of equality as described in the Declaration of Independence.
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Lincoln's main goal during the Civil War was solely to abolish slavery.
Lincoln's main goal during the Civil War was solely to abolish slavery.
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The Confiscation Acts were passed before the Emancipation Proclamation.
The Confiscation Acts were passed before the Emancipation Proclamation.
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Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for implementing Reconstruction policies.
Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for implementing Reconstruction policies.
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The Lost Cause narrative portrayed the Confederacy as fighting primarily for states' rights rather than slavery.
The Lost Cause narrative portrayed the Confederacy as fighting primarily for states' rights rather than slavery.
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The memory of the Civil War was shaped only by the Lost Cause myth.
The memory of the Civil War was shaped only by the Lost Cause myth.
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Antietam was known as the bloodiest day of the Civil War and led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam was known as the bloodiest day of the Civil War and led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
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The Gettysburg Address was delivered to commemorate the first battle of the Civil War.
The Gettysburg Address was delivered to commemorate the first battle of the Civil War.
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Sherman's March was characterized as a strategy of total war.
Sherman's March was characterized as a strategy of total war.
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The Emancipation Proclamation was a law passed during the Reconstruction era.
The Emancipation Proclamation was a law passed during the Reconstruction era.
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Alexander Stephens claimed that slavery was the cornerstone of the Confederacy.
Alexander Stephens claimed that slavery was the cornerstone of the Confederacy.
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Fort Sumter marked the end of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter marked the end of the Civil War.
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Lincoln's writings explored the connection between Union principles and the issue of slavery.
Lincoln's writings explored the connection between Union principles and the issue of slavery.
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Study Notes
Sectionalism, Slavery & the Road to Secession
- Ethno-cultural issues, rise of the Know-Nothing Party: Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic political movement in the 1850s. Reflected nativist anxieties over immigration.
- Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): Repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowed popular sovereignty in territories, leading to "Bleeding Kansas". Championed by Stephen Douglas.
- Republican Party and collapse of the Second Party System: Founded in 1854 to oppose slavery's expansion, emerging from Free Soilers, anti-slavery Whigs, and others. A collapse of the Whig Party occurred during this period, and the disintegration happened in the 1850s.
- Bleeding Kansas: Violent clashes over slavery in Kansas territory (1854-1859), as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
- Dred Scott decision and proslavery politics: Lincoln’s speech in 1857 opposed the Supreme Court ruling that denied Black citizenship, highlighting tensions over slavery and constitutional interpretation.
- Lincoln's Peoria Speech (1854): Criticized the Kansas-Nebraska Act, emphasizing the morality of restricting slavery. Marked Lincoln's return to national politics.
- John Brown's Raid and the Escalation of Tensions: Abolitionist who led the Harpers Ferry raid, becoming a martyr for anti-slavery; executed in 1859, heightened sectional tensions.
The Escalation and Election of 1860
- Election of 1860: Lincoln's victory led to Southern secession; reflected deep divisions over slavery.
- Southern Fire-eaters and secession: Southern secessionist groups, who sought to secede due to fears of losing their way of life.
- Lincoln, Stephens, & the "apples of gold in pictures of silver": Justifications for the Confederates and their war efforts; Stephens Cornerstone Speech, arguing that the Confederacy was founded on the belief in racial inequality and the permanence of slavery.
- Westward Expansion & the Territorial Crisis: Manifest Destiny as an ascendant ideology.
Annexation of Texas
- Annexation of Texas: Sparked tensions with Mexico, leading to the Mexican-American War. Texas declared independence in 1836 and was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
- Texas Independence and Annexation: Texas declared independence in 1836 and was annexed by the U.S. in 1845; this fueled westward expansion tensions.
- U.S. Territorial Desires in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848): Resulted in U.S. territorial expansion, deepening the slavery debate, and including issues such as the Wilmot Proviso and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
- Wilmot Proviso (1846): Proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War. Increased sectional tensions.
- Military Success in Mexico & Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848): Ended the Mexican-American War and resulted in U.S. acquisition of vast territory from Mexico.
- Political Fragmentation in 1848: Whig Party divisions and the rise of the Free Soil Party, opposing the expansion of slavery in the West.
- Compromise of 1850: Addressed slavery in new territories, including the Fugitive Slave Act and the admission of California as a free state. Sought to ease tensions.
The Civil War: A Brief Overview
- The Civil War as the first Modern War: Detailed description of strategies, advantages, and goals of each side.
- Battle highlights and significant developments: detailed list including First Manassas, July 1861; Confiscation Act, July 1862; Antietam; Emancipation Proclamation; Gettysburg Address; Vicksburg; Sherman's March; etc.
Origins of Reconstruction during the War
- Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction: Lincoln's lenient plan for Southern reintegration, offering pardons to Confederates.
- Wade-Davis Bill: Radical Reconstruction plan requiring stricter loyalty oaths. Pocket-vetoed by Lincoln.
- 13th-15th Amendments: Abolished slavery (13th), granted citizenship (14th), and voting rights (15th).
- Lincoln's Speech: Details on Lincoln's "Fragment on the Constitution and the Union" and his view of the war’s moral and constitutional issue.
- Alexander Stephens' Cornerstone Speech: Explicit statements about the justification for secession and the centrality of slavery to the Confederate cause.
Reconstruction Era
- Reconstruction Act of 1867: Divided the South into military districts, requiring Southern states to draft new constitutions ensuring Black suffrage, and ratifying the 14th Amendment before rejoining the Union.
- Impeachment of Andrew Johnson: Johnson's opposition to Radical Reconstruction, leading to impeachment proceedings.
- Carpetbaggers/Scalawags: Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction (carpetbaggers), and Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party (scalawags).
- Redeemers: Southern Democrats who took control of state governments in the 1870s, often through voter suppression and violence.
- Violence and Resistance During Reconstruction: KKK Act of 1871 to combat Klan violence.
- End of Reconstruction: Election of 1876 (Hayes presidency) marked the end of Reconstruction, and the return of Southern Democrats to power.
- Lost Cause: Mythologized Confederacy as noble, downplayed the role of slavery. This emerged after Reconstruction, shaping Southern memory.
Military Overview of Civil War
- Key Battles: Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg, Sherman's March, and the role it played in altering the war's strategy.
- Lincoln's "Fragment on the Constitution and the Union": Details on Lincoln's belief that the Union was grounded on the Declaration of Independence's principle of equality and the need to align the Constitution with the moral foundation of the Declaration.
- Alexander Stephens's "Cornerstone Speech": Justification for secession, centrallity of slavery.
- Political Overview: Confiscation Acts, Emancipation Proclamation, Election of 1864, role of Lincoln's actions.
- Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (1865): Focus on reconciliation and slavery.
- Freedmen's Bureauled: Assisted freed slaves with education, housing, and employment; established during Reconstruction.
Memory of Civil War and Reconstruction
- Mythologized Confederacy: Downplayed slavery's role and presented the Confederacy as noble while highlighting the civil rights struggles and achievements of Reconstruction.
- Varied Interpretations: Different interpretations emerged and shaped U.S historical narratives.
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Description
Explore the key political events and movements in the United States during the 1850s. This quiz covers significant topics such as the Know-Nothing Party, Bleeding Kansas, and the founding of the Republican Party. Test your knowledge of how these events shaped the nation's history leading up to the Civil War.
