U.S. History Overview: 1819-1840

Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements describe responses to the Panic of 1819? (Select all that apply)

The government increased taxes significantly.

Kentucky established a state bank that flooded the state with paper money. (correct)

Federal assistance was provided to all affected citizens.

Many states suspended the collection of debts. (correct)

Whigs believed that liberty and power were incompatible and that an activist government was to be avoided at all costs as a grave threat to liberty.

False

What were the outcomes of the developments and innovations during the market revolution and information revolution? (Select all that apply)

Low postal rates enabled expansion of newspaper circulation. (correct)

'New York Sun' introduced a sensational style of journalism. (correct)

Newspapers began to focus exclusively on political news.

Steam power decreased industrial output.

Which of the following statements describe John Quincy Adams's positions prior to becoming president? (Select all that apply)

United States ambassador to Prussia. Signup and view all the answers

William Henry Harrison died a month after assuming the office of presidency.

True Signup and view all the answers

What were the contributions or opinions of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and John Quincy Adams regarding the Missouri controversy? (Select all that apply)

John Quincy Adams thought it could lead to civil war. Signup and view all the answers

Which statements describe Andrew Jackson's views on banks and the market revolution?

Jackson was suspicious of banks and feared moral decay. Signup and view all the answers

What were the causes of the economic Panic of 1819? (Select all that apply)

Demand for western lands plummeted. Signup and view all the answers

What statements illustrate the relationship between race and voting? (Select all that apply)

New York raised voting requirements for blacks. Signup and view all the answers

What does the political cartoon illustrate about the Bank War?

Nicholas Biddle, president of the Second Bank of the United States, is portrayed as a demon, being chased by Andrew Jackson who holds an order to remove federal funds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the core values and beliefs of Democrats and Whigs? (Select all that apply)

Democrats favored a hands-off approach to the economy. Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'Nullification Crisis' and 'Force Act' signify? (Select all that apply)

Nullification Crisis represented a conflict between the federal government and South Carolina. Signup and view all the answers

What was Marshall's argument to legitimize the Second Bank of the United States?

The bank was legitimate due to the constitution's clause that allowed Congress to pass 'necessary and proper' laws. Signup and view all the answers

What were Tocqueville's observations in 'Democracy in America'? (Select all that apply)

Sovereignty belongs to ordinary citizens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describe William Henry Harrison's 1840 presidential campaign? (Select all that apply)

His military success in the War of 1812 was a key aspect of his campaign. Signup and view all the answers

What were the justifications for the disenfranchisement of women? (Select all that apply)

Women were believed to be too prone to passion. Signup and view all the answers

What contributions did Jesse Thomas, James Tallmadge, and Henry Clay make in the Missouri Compromise of 1820? (Select all that apply)

James Tallmadge proposed prohibiting the introduction of more slaves. Signup and view all the answers

Why was John Tyler disliked by members of his own party?

He vetoed the creation of a new national bank. Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of the Panic of 1837? (Select all that apply)

Many states defaulted on their debts due to infrastructure financing. Signup and view all the answers

What does the map reveal about the Missouri Compromise and slavery in the United States in 1820?

The Northeastern coast was composed entirely of free states, and North and South Dakota were closed to slavery. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Responses to the Panic of 1819

Kentucky created a state bank that increased paper money in circulation.
Many states halted debt collection temporarily to relieve financial pressures.

Whigs and Government Power

Whigs believed liberty and government power were incompatible.
They viewed an activist government as a significant threat to individual liberty.

Information Revolution Outcomes

Low postal rates led to expanded newspaper circulation beyond local areas.
Steam power increased production, giving rise to the mass-circulation "penny press."
Publications like 'New York Sun' and 'New York Herald' used sensationalism to attract wider audiences.

John Quincy Adams's Career

Served as the U.S. ambassador to multiple countries, including Prussia and Britain.
Held the position of Senator for Massachusetts.

William Henry Harrison's Presidency

Harrison died from pneumonia shortly after taking office, leading to John Tyler's succession.

Key Figures in the Missouri Controversy

John Adams influenced perceptions about Southern power in Washington.
Thomas Jefferson interpreted the Missouri dispute as a Federalist scheme to divide Republicans.
John Quincy Adams recognized the potential for civil war arising from slavery debates.

Andrew Jackson's Economic Views

Jackson was distrustful of banks and paper currency.
He associated the market revolution with moral degradation.

Causes of the Panic of 1819

A significant drop in demand for western lands led to widespread speculation bankruptcies.
European demand for U.S. agricultural products fell to pre-War of 1812 levels.

Race and Voting Relationships

North Carolina did not disenfranchise free blacks until 1835.
New York altered voting qualifications, raising requirements for black voters while lowering those for whites.

The Bank War in Political Cartoons

Nicholas Biddle depicted as an evil figure fleeing from Andrew Jackson, who was determined to eliminate federal banking powers.

Political Parties' Values

Democrats: Advocated for a non-interventionist government; represented rural farmers and slaveholders.
Whigs: Supported the American System; included businessmen and plantation owners.

Notable Political Conflicts

Nullification Crisis: Conflict between federal authority and South Carolina regarding states’ rights.
Force Act: Enforced federal tariffs in 1832.
Tariff of Abominations: Increased taxes on imported goods, including wool and iron.

McCulloch v. Maryland Ruling

The Second Bank of the U.S. was validated through the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
The legislation was deemed constitutional as it promoted general welfare.

Tocqueville's Observations

Introduced the idea that sovereignty belongs to ordinary citizens.
Emphasized freedom in democracy as interconnected with equality and public engagement.

William Henry Harrison's Political Context

Partnered with John Tyler, who was a former Democrat.
Did not adhere to a formal political platform, similar to Jackson's military focus.

Justifications for Women's Disenfranchisement

Claims that women were overly emotional.
Belief that politics would corrupt women's perceived purity.

Contributions to the Missouri Compromise

Jesse Thomas: Proposed a compromise to resolve the Missouri issue.
James Tallmadge: Suggested a ban on new slave introductions in Missouri.
Henry Clay: Facilitated the Second Missouri Compromise.

John Tyler's Conflict with Whigs

Discontent arose due to Tyler's vetoes against a national bank and a higher tariff.

Economic Consequences of the Panic of 1837

By 1842, nine states defaulted mainly due to failed infrastructure investments.
Many farmers lost their properties due to inability to pay mortgages amid decreased incomes.

Missouri Compromise Map Insights

Northeastern U.S. was predominantly free states and territories.
Regions like present-day North and South Dakota were closed to slavery.

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Description

Explore key events and figures in U.S. history from the Panic of 1819 to the presidency of William Henry Harrison. This quiz covers topics such as the impacts of the Information Revolution, the beliefs of the Whig party, and the career of John Quincy Adams. Test your knowledge about how these historical moments shaped the nation.