US History: Kennedy Era and Cold War

1960 Election

• The presidential candidates were John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon.

Presidential Term Limit

• The 22nd Amendment established a limit of two terms for a president.

Flexible Response

• Kennedy's Flexible Response was a military strategy to combat communism.

Bay of Pigs

• The Bay of Pigs was a failed CIA-led invasion of Cuba in 1961.

Key Figures

• Fidel Castro was the Cuban revolutionary leader and dictator.
• Nikita Khrushchev was the Soviet Union leader during the Cold War.

Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

• The treaty prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

Kennedy's Popularity

• Young adults were inspired by Kennedy's leadership and vision.

Kennedy's New Frontier

• The New Frontier was Kennedy's vision for progress and change in America.

Area Redevelopment Act

• The act aimed to stimulate economic growth in underdeveloped areas.

Kennedy's Assassination

• President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, in 1963.
• Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of his assassination.

Warren Commission

• The Warren Commission investigated Kennedy's assassination.

Johnson's Presidency

• Johnson focused more on social issues than Kennedy.

War on Poverty

• The War on Poverty aimed to eliminate poverty in America.

Great Society

• The Great Society was Johnson's vision for a more equitable society.

Medicare and Medicaid

• Medicare was established for seniors, while Medicaid was for the poor.

Decline of the Great Society

• The Great Society declined due to cost and social changes.

Civil Rights Organizations

• The Southern Christian Leadership was led by Martin Luther King Jr.
• The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee advocated for civil rights using nonviolence.
• The Congress of Racial Equality fought against racial discrimination.

Freedom Riders

• The Freedom Riders were protesters who challenged segregation laws.
• They faced violent attacks in Alabama.

University of Mississippi Integration

• Riots ensued over integration at the University of Mississippi in September 1962.

"I Have a Dream" Speech

• Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech, emphasizing equality.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

• The act outlawed discrimination based on race.

Voter Registration in Mississippi

• Voter registration in Mississippi was crucial for empowering African American voters.

Robert Moses

• Robert Moses was a civil rights activist and organizer who played a key role in voter registration.

Freedom Summer

• The Freedom Summer showed the dangers activists faced in their fight for civil rights.

Civil Rights Workers' Murders

• Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, and Michael Schwerner were civil rights workers murdered in 1964.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

• The act was passed to protect minority voting rights.

"Nonviolent" Approach to Civil Rights

• Some people questioned the "nonviolent" approach, urging more direct action for change.

Militants

• Militants advocated for black rights using force if necessary.

Nation of Islam (Black Muslims)

• The Nation of Islam taught black nationalism and self-reliance.

Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X

• Elijah Muhammad was the leader of the Nation of Islam, and Malcolm X was a prominent civil rights leader who was assassinated in 1965.

Black Panther Party

• The Black Panther Party advocated for civil rights and anti-war activism.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s Assassination

• Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968.
• James Earl Ray was responsible for his assassination.

Assassination's Impact on Civil Rights

• The assassination led to increased activism and unrest among Civil Rights activists.

Resurrection City

• Resurrection City was a protest camp for economic justice.

White Americans' Views on Civil Rights

• Some white Americans supported the Civil Rights movement, while others resisted.

Busing System

• The Busing System was used to integrate schools and achieve racial integration.

Affirmative Action

• Affirmative Action policies aimed to promote equality.

Barack Obama

• Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States.

Vietnam

• France controlled Vietnam in the mid-1800s.
• Japan controlled Vietnam from the early to mid-20th century.

Ho Chi Minh

• Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader, and his name means "Bringer of Light."

Domino Theory

• The Domino Theory posited that if one country fell to communism, others would follow.