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Questions and Answers
The Bessemer steel process hindered the mechanization of manufacturing during the Second Industrial Revolution.
The Bessemer steel process hindered the mechanization of manufacturing during the Second Industrial Revolution.
False (B)
Scientific management aimed to decrease the efficiency and productivity of laborers in factories.
Scientific management aimed to decrease the efficiency and productivity of laborers in factories.
False (B)
During the Second Industrial Revolution, business organizations never attempted to form monopolies to dominate markets.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, business organizations never attempted to form monopolies to dominate markets.
False (B)
Horizontal integration involves controlling the entire production process of a good, from raw materials to the final product.
Horizontal integration involves controlling the entire production process of a good, from raw materials to the final product.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act, enacted during the Industrial Revolution, effectively eliminated all anti-competitive business practices.
The Sherman Antitrust Act, enacted during the Industrial Revolution, effectively eliminated all anti-competitive business practices.
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Nativism during the Industrial Revolution promoted the welcoming and integration of immigrants into American society.
Nativism during the Industrial Revolution promoted the welcoming and integration of immigrants into American society.
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The Page Act of 1875 prohibited individuals brought to America for exploitative labor practices.
The Page Act of 1875 prohibited individuals brought to America for exploitative labor practices.
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The Chinese Inclusion Act encouraged Chinese immigrants to become U.S. citizens by simplifying the naturalization process.
The Chinese Inclusion Act encouraged Chinese immigrants to become U.S. citizens by simplifying the naturalization process.
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The primary factor driving the population boom in Northern population centers during the late 1800s and early 1900s was migration from agricultural regions.
The primary factor driving the population boom in Northern population centers during the late 1800s and early 1900s was migration from agricultural regions.
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Urban centers in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s possessed sufficient infrastructure to adequately support the needs of the rapidly growing population.
Urban centers in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s possessed sufficient infrastructure to adequately support the needs of the rapidly growing population.
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Figures known as muckrakers, along with concerned citizens and politicians, were instrumental in initiating long-term urban planning initiatives in cities.
Figures known as muckrakers, along with concerned citizens and politicians, were instrumental in initiating long-term urban planning initiatives in cities.
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The Spanish-American War was a protracted conflict lasting approximately twelve months, stretching from April 1898 to April 1899.
The Spanish-American War was a protracted conflict lasting approximately twelve months, stretching from April 1898 to April 1899.
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A significant underlying cause of the Spanish-American War was the United States' aspiration to secure additional territorial possessions.
A significant underlying cause of the Spanish-American War was the United States' aspiration to secure additional territorial possessions.
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The media practice known as Yellow Journalism, employed by Hearst and Pulitzer, was distinguished by its dedication to unbiased and objective news dissemination.
The media practice known as Yellow Journalism, employed by Hearst and Pulitzer, was distinguished by its dedication to unbiased and objective news dissemination.
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The Treaty of Paris of 1898 conferred upon Cuba complete and unrestricted sovereignty, entirely removing any form of protection from the United States.
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 conferred upon Cuba complete and unrestricted sovereignty, entirely removing any form of protection from the United States.
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Study Notes
Second Industrial Revolution in the US
- Bessemer steel process mechanised manufacturing
- Scientific management increased worker efficiency, but dehumanized them
- Corporations sought monopolies through horizontal (controlling similar businesses) and vertical (controlling the entire production) integration
- Few government regulations existed on anti-competitive practices like trusts
- Sherman Antitrust Act was a late-century attempt at control
Immigration and Nativism during the Gilded Age
- Xenophobia increased, leading to prejudice towards Chinese immigrants and Eastern Europeans
- Nativism: Favored established inhabitants over immigrants, fueled by Social Darwinism
- Key immigration laws: Page Act (1875) restricted immoral labor, Chinese Exclusion Act (restriction of Chinese migrants)
- Large-scale immigration seeking better lives; Ellis and Angel Islands
- US began basic immigration system
Urbanization in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s
- Concentration of people in cities (urbanization) due to rural-urban migration and immigration
- Cities offered more work and leisure
- Insufficient infrastructure (clean water, sanitation, housing) for newcomers
- Cities like New York developed into dirty, dangerous, and ethnically segregated slums where diseases spread
- Muckrakers, concerned citizens and politicians sparked urban planning
- Improvements included building regulations, improved sanitation, public services and transportation, and parks
Spanish-American War (1898)
- Causes: Cuban independence concerns, US desire for land, Yellow Journalism (exaggerated news), U.S.S. Maine explosion
- Short, decisive war in Caribbean and Pacific
- High death toll from yellow fever and typhoid, not battles
- Treaty of Paris (1898): Cuba independent (US protection); Puerto Rico and Guam to US; US paid Spain $20 million for Philippines
- US emerged as a world power, ending Spain's colonization era
- Theodore Roosevelt gained war hero status (Rough Riders)
- Filipino-American War (1899-1901): Filipinos fought for independence
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Description
Explore the transformative era of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States, focusing on technological advancements and their societal impact. Delve into the waves of immigration and the rise of nativism, along with the urbanization that shaped American cities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
