US History Chapters 18 & 19: Industry and Immigration

Chapter 18: Robber Barons & Rise of Industry

• Andrew Carnegie, a prominent steel industrialist, epitomized the "robber barons" of the era.
• Social Darwinism's concept of "survival of the fittest" justified the power of large businesses.
• John D. Rockefeller controlled the oil industry through the Standard Oil Trust.
• Labor unions, like the AFL (focused on skilled workers) and the Knights of Labor (encompassing all workers), emerged during this period.
• The Haymarket Affair marked a violent labor protest.

Chapter 19: Urbanization & Immigration

• Rapid urban growth led to problematic living conditions for many.
• Jacob Riis's book, "How the Other Half Lives," exposed the harsh realities of city slums.
• Settlement houses, such as those founded by Jane Addams, provided much-needed assistance to the impoverished.
• Immigration patterns included "old" (European) and "new" (Asian, Southern) waves.
• The Great Migration saw a surge in African American relocation to the North.

Chapter 20: Gilded Age & Populism

• The Gilded Age highlighted the stark contrast between the rich and the poor.
• The Populist Party, formed by farmers and workers, sought to unify their interests.
• The Pullman Strike exemplified the conflict between workers and railroad companies.

Chapter 21: Progressivism & Reform

• Progressivism aimed to combat corruption in politics and uplift society.
• Muckrakers, investigative journalists, exposed societal ills and corruption.
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire spurred safety regulations for workers.
• The women's suffrage movement fought for voting rights for women.
• Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation.
• The NAACP championed the rights of African Americans.
• Theodore Roosevelt, a prominent trust-buster and conservationist, played a significant role in this era.

Chapter 22: American Imperialism

• American Imperialism focused on expanding U.S. influence and power.
• The Spanish-American War significantly increased American influence.
• Yellow Journalism employed sensationalized news coverage.
• The Panama Canal connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
• The Roosevelt Corollary asserted U.S. control over the Western Hemisphere.

Chapter 23: World War I

• The sinking of the Lusitania contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I.
• The Espionage Act restricted freedom of speech.
• The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.
• Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points articulated a vision for post-war peace.
• The U.S. ultimately did not join the League of Nations.

Chapter 24: Roaring Twenties

• Henry Ford's assembly line made automobiles more affordable.
• Consumerism boomed, with new products like cars and radios becoming widespread.
• Nativism, an anti-immigrant sentiment, gained traction.
• The Harlem Renaissance showcased significant cultural achievements by African Americans.

Chapter 25: Great Depression

• The 1929 stock market crash triggered a severe economic downturn.
• Hoovervilles housed the impoverished during the Depression.
• The Dust Bowl exacerbated agricultural hardship and poverty.

Chapter 26: New Deal

• Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives sought to combat the Great Depression.
• The FDIC protected bank deposits.
• The WPA provided employment opportunities.
• Social Security established benefits for the retired and unemployed.

Chapter 27: World War II

• The attack on Pearl Harbor propelled the U.S. into World War II.
• Japanese Americans were subjected to internment camps.
• Women played crucial roles in the war effort, exemplified by "Rosie the Riveter".
• The atomic bombings ended the war in the Pacific.

Chapter 28: Post-War Era

• The GI Bill provided benefits for returning veterans.
• The Cold War rivalry pitted the U.S. and the Soviet Union against each other.
• Containment strategies aimed to prevent the spread of communism.
• The Civil Rights Movement saw key milestones like Brown v. Board and Rosa Parks' actions.

Chapter 29: 1960s & Civil Rights

• John F. Kennedy's presidency included the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• The Civil Rights Act dismantled discriminatory laws.
• Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X led the Civil Rights Movement.
• Growing U.S. involvement marked the Vietnam War.

Chapter 30: 1970s & Beyond

• The counterculture movement manifested in events like Woodstock.
• The Stonewall riots fueled the LGBTQ+ rights movement.
• Roe v. Wade legalized abortion.
• The Watergate scandal involved President Nixon.
• The OPEC oil crisis significantly impacted the economy.

Chapter 31: Late 20th Century

• Supply-side economics (Reaganomics) emphasized tax cuts for the wealthy.
• The AIDS crisis represented a major public health challenge.
• The September 11th terrorist attacks fundamentally altered U.S. foreign policy.

Explore the transformative periods of industrialization and urbanization in the United States through this quiz. Topics include key figures like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, the rise of labor unions, and the impact of immigration on urban life. Test your knowledge of vital historical events that shaped modern America.