Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?
What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?
- It declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional (correct)
- It required busing for school integration
- It had no impact on school segregation
- It upheld the 'separate but equal' doctrine
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A protest action in 1955 to end segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama
What is integration?
What is integration?
Mixing racial groups
Who was Jackie Robinson?
Who was Jackie Robinson?
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
What did Rosa Parks refuse to do?
What did Rosa Parks refuse to do?
Who was Orval Faubus?
Who was Orval Faubus?
What is termination in the context of Native American reservations?
What is termination in the context of Native American reservations?
What is meant by interracial?
What is meant by interracial?
What does CORE stand for?
What does CORE stand for?
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
What is nonviolent protest?
What is nonviolent protest?
What does SNCC stand for?
What does SNCC stand for?
What is a sit-in?
What is a sit-in?
What were Freedom Rides?
What were Freedom Rides?
What happened in Anniston, Alabama during the Freedom Rides?
What happened in Anniston, Alabama during the Freedom Rides?
Who was James Meredith?
Who was James Meredith?
What is significant about Birmingham, Alabama?
What is significant about Birmingham, Alabama?
What are the letters from Birmingham Jail?
What are the letters from Birmingham Jail?
What was the March on Washington?
What was the March on Washington?
What is the I Have a Dream speech?
What is the I Have a Dream speech?
What is a filibuster?
What is a filibuster?
What is cloture?
What is cloture?
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What did the 24th Amendment outlaw?
What did the 24th Amendment outlaw?
What was the Freedom Democratic Party?
What was the Freedom Democratic Party?
What was the Selma March?
What was the Selma March?
What is the Nation of Islam?
What is the Nation of Islam?
What does Black Nationalism promote?
What does Black Nationalism promote?
What is Black Power?
What is Black Power?
What is de jure segregation?
What is de jure segregation?
What is de facto segregation?
What is de facto segregation?
Who was Malcolm X?
Who was Malcolm X?
What significant event happened in 1968?
What significant event happened in 1968?
Who was Barbara Jordan?
Who was Barbara Jordan?
Who was Oliver Hill?
Who was Oliver Hill?
Who was Earl Warren?
Who was Earl Warren?
What was the Southern Manifesto?
What was the Southern Manifesto?
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Who was Dwight Eisenhower?
Who was Dwight Eisenhower?
What happened during the Little Rock Crisis in 1957?
What happened during the Little Rock Crisis in 1957?
What is the National Urban League?
What is the National Urban League?
Who was James Farmer?
Who was James Farmer?
Who was Ella Baker?
Who was Ella Baker?
Who was Robert Moses?
Who was Robert Moses?
What was Boynton v. Virginia?
What was Boynton v. Virginia?
Who was Ross Barnett?
Who was Ross Barnett?
Who was Eugene Connor?
Who was Eugene Connor?
What was the Children's March?
What was the Children's March?
Who was James Bevel?
Who was James Bevel?
What happened at the 16th Street Baptist Church?
What happened at the 16th Street Baptist Church?
Who was John F. Kennedy?
Who was John F. Kennedy?
Who was Medgar Evers?
Who was Medgar Evers?
Who was Byron de la Beckwith?
Who was Byron de la Beckwith?
Who was A. Phillip Randolph?
Who was A. Phillip Randolph?
What was Title I of the Civil Rights Act?
What was Title I of the Civil Rights Act?
What does Title II prohibit?
What does Title II prohibit?
What was Title IV?
What was Title IV?
What does Title VII prohibit?
What does Title VII prohibit?
Who was Everett Dirksen?
Who was Everett Dirksen?
What did J Edgar Hoover claim about college campuses?
What did J Edgar Hoover claim about college campuses?
What happened at the Edmund Pettus Bridge?
What happened at the Edmund Pettus Bridge?
What was Muslim Mosque Inc?
What was Muslim Mosque Inc?
Who was Stokely Carmichael?
Who was Stokely Carmichael?
Who were Bobby Seale and Huey Newton?
Who were Bobby Seale and Huey Newton?
Who was James Earl Ray?
Who was James Earl Ray?
Where was Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated?
Where was Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated?
Where was Robert F. Kennedy shot?
Where was Robert F. Kennedy shot?
Who was Sirhan Sirhan?
Who was Sirhan Sirhan?
Study Notes
Landmark Court Cases
- Brown v. Board of Education: Overturned "separate but equal" doctrine, declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
- Boynton v. Virginia: Supreme Court decision that made racial segregation in public transportation illegal.
Civil Rights Activism
- Montgomery Bus Boycott: A pivotal 1955 protest against bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest.
- Sit-ins: Nonviolent protest strategy involving participants sitting down in segregated public spaces to demand service.
- Freedom Rides: Bus trips organized by CORE in the 1960s to test federal enforcement of desegregation laws.
Influential Figures
- Rosa Parks: Activist whose refusal to give up her bus seat initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
- Thurgood Marshall: First African American Supreme Court Justice; played a key role in arguing Brown v. Board of Education.
- Martin Luther King Jr.: Prominent civil rights leader known for advocating nonviolent protest and delivering the iconic "I Have a Dream" speech.
- Malcolm X: Black Muslim leader advocating for black nationalism and separation; later moderated his views before his assassination.
Civil Rights Organizations
- Congress of Racial Equality (CORE): Founded in 1942 to advocate for racial equality through direct action.
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): Established by King in 1957 to coordinate nonviolent protests against segregation.
- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): Organization focused on youth-led activism for civil rights.
Key Events
- March on Washington: Significant gathering where MLK delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech, pressuring the government for civil rights reforms.
- Selma March: Demonstration for voting rights in Alabama met with violent opposition, highlighted by the brutal attacks on marchers.
- Children's March: Birmingham event where young activists faced violent police responses, publicizing the civil rights struggle.
Legislation and Political Action
- Civil Rights Act of 1964: Landmark legislation outlawing discrimination in various public facilities and enforcing school desegregation.
- Voting Rights Act of 1965: Abolished literacy tests that restricted voting for African Americans; aimed to protect their voting rights.
- 24th Amendment: Abolished poll taxes in federal elections, increasing access to voting for economically disadvantaged voters.
Challenges and Opposition
- Southern Manifesto: Document by Congress members opposing racial integration in schools following Brown v. Board of Education.
- Orval Faubus: Arkansas Governor who resisted desegregation efforts at Little Rock Central High School, leading to federal intervention.
- Eugene "Bull" Connor: Birmingham police chief known for his aggressive tactics against civil rights demonstrators, using dogs and fire hoses.
Notable Individuals in Civil Rights History
- James Meredith: First African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi, facing violent opposition.
- Barbara Jordan: First African American woman elected to the Texas State Senate, known for her advocacy for civil rights.
- Medgar Evers: NAACP leader in Mississippi, targeted and killed for his civil rights work.
Events of Assassination and Aftermath
- Assassination of MLK (1968): MLK was killed in Memphis at the Lorraine Motel, sparking nationwide outrage and protests.
- Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: Shot at the Ambassador Hotel; his assassination followed MLK's and underscored the period's political violence.
Groups Promoting Black Empowerment
- Black Panther Party: Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, promoted self-defense and economic justice for African Americans.
- Nation of Islam: Militant Black American group advocating for separate identity and independence, with leaders like Malcolm X.
Forms of Segregation
- De Jure Segregation: Legal segregation enforced by laws.
- De Facto Segregation: Socially imposed segregation not mandated by law, often stemming from economic inequalities.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key events and figures from U.S. History Chapter 21 with these flashcards. Topics include landmark Supreme Court cases, civil rights protests, and significant individuals in the fight against segregation. Prepare for a deeper understanding of the civil rights movement.
